AMERIQAN AGRICULTURIST. 
837 
long keeper, and bears handling and transpor¬ 
tation well) Wagener, Swaar, and Rhode Island 
Queening. No variety hears more uniform and 
abundant crops than the Greening, and it usu¬ 
ally commands a fair price; but it bruises easily, 
and aoes not keep well long enough to be sent 
to;a, distant market in Spring. When the crop 
is large, the Fall price is not usually remunera¬ 
tive. In many localities the Baldwin yields as 
well, bears handling better, keeps longer, and in 
winter commands fifty cents per barrel more. 
The beautiful Lady Apple, when well cultivated, 
bears good crops, and commands the highest 
price in New-York, London or Paris. It bears 
transportation well, and is worthy of more ex¬ 
tensive cultivation. Where suitable land is 
cheap, an extensive orchard of this variety 
would prove a very profitable investment. 
For family use I would name the following in 
then - order of ripening : Early Harvest, Sweet 
Bough, Golden Sweet, Summer Queen, Primate, 
Porter, Maiden’s Blush, Jersey Sweet, Graven- 
stein, Fall Pippin, Fameuse, Twenty Ounce, 
Esopus Spitzenburgh, Tallman Sweet, and the 
Winter varieties above named, except Roxbury 
Russet, and this list will answer every purpose 
for those residing near large cities where they 
can get fruit to market in baskets conveniently 
at any time of year. 
For the American Agriculturist. 
Root-Grafting Apple Trees. 
Apple stocks of the size of a lead pencil are 
selected, and their roots cut in lengths of four 
inches. The upper part of the cut is sloped 
one inch, and slit with a thin knife—a common 
shoemaker’s knife with a narrow blade is gen¬ 
erally used. The upper- cut of a root is the best. 
A cion of the particular variety wanted and of 
about the same size as the root, is cut in same 
lengths and sloped and slit in the same way, at 
the bottom to correspond to the cut in the root; 
then they are slipped together so as to match 
exactly on one side, and bound with a narrow 
strip of waxed paper. The cion should be cut 
square across at the top of a bud. The grafts, as 
they are now called, are placed close together in 
shallow boxes, mixed with damp saw-dust and 
stored in a cool, dry cellar until the frost is 
passed. They are then planted, with a round or 
flat dibble, in rows, by running down the dibble 
a few inches, inserting the graft, running the 
dibble down again on the side of the graft, and 
just below it to fasten the bottom well, and then 
pressing the upper part of the dibble against 
the side of the graft. Be particular to fasten the 
bottom well to exclude the atmosphere and press 
the whole firmly to prevent drying. Two buds 
should be above the surface; the grafts should 
be eight inches apart in the row and the rows 
three and-a-half feet apart. The upper four 
inches of the roots with their stems are often 
planted at the same distance apart and budded in 
July of the same year—these make rather better 
trees to sell. Nurserymen usually root-graft be¬ 
cause it is done in the Winter when help is 
plenty; one thousand grafts are usually made in 
a day. Waxed paper is made by mixing six 
pounds of rosin and one pound of bees wax 
with one pint of linseed oil or lard, and spread 
With a brush on manilla paper—newspaper is 
generally used but it is not as good. When 
used it is cut in strips one half inch in width. 
Toledo , Ohio. J. H. C. 
Apple Pomace for Fruit Trees.—A wri¬ 
ter in a French Pomological journal states that 
he has experimented largely in using apple 
pomace as manure for apple and pear trees, arSH 
with the best results. The soil was removed 
from about each tree to the depth of the upper 
roots, and three or four forkfuls of the pomace 
thrown in and covered with earth. A remarka¬ 
ble impulse was given to the growth of the 
trees, and in several instances where pears had 
cracked badly, good sound fruit was produced. 
Tim Bunker in his Garden. 
“What kind of pears do you call them, naber ?” 
asked Jake Frink as he stood admiring a dwarf 
Flemish Beauty, loaded with ruddy, russet fruit. 
“ That is a dwarf pear tree,” said I. 
“ It looks like a giant,” said Jake, confound¬ 
ing the tree with the fruit. “I never see such 
pears in all my life. Nothing but perries ’ll 
grow on my place. I’ve heern of them dwarfs, 
but never tried ’em. Do all come as big as that ?” 
“ Well, you see, they graft almost any kind of 
pear on quince, and that makes the tree grow 
small. But the fruit is generally bigger than it 
is on the pear, stock. Dwarfing does not alter 
the fruit. It only makes the tree small.” 
■ “ Dew tell. You see I thought dwarfs was all 
of one kind. I shall have to own up on these 
pears, naber. I tell’d you at the time you were 
settin ’em eout, five years ago, that they never 
would come to nothin’. Uncle Jothamsot eout 
a lot, and his’n didn’t dew nothin’. They grew 
miserable scrubs, got lousy, and worm-eaten, 
and I guess there want one left arter three years. 
But now I see Jotliam Sparrowgrass and Timo¬ 
thy Bunker are tew individuals, if not more.” 
Jake Frink’s eyes hung out as he went round 
the garden, spying the pears-, about as much as 
when lie saw that first crop of hay in the horse- 
pond lot. I have kept backmy pears from bear¬ 
ing more than most cultivators do, and think I 
find my account in it. Gentlemen who own 
small lots in the city or country village are apt 
to be in a hurry to realize; they let every fruit 
that sets hang on even the first year. This is 
particularly bad for the bottom limbs of dwarfs, 
which are the most difficult to coax into a gen¬ 
erous growth. If they bear much fruit they will 
not make wood, and the bottom of your pyra¬ 
mid is spoiled. I have seen a good many 
dwarfs killed outright by overbearing. With the 
standards there is not so much danger—indeed, 
none at all, if we except the Bartlett, and a few 
other early-bearing varieties. 
I picked off all the fruit for three years, and 
threw all the force of the trees into wood. If 
I can get good stout wood well ripened in the 
Fall, I consider this the best crop a tree can bear 
for four years at least. If a tree is a bad grower, 
I keep it back still longer. I have some stand¬ 
ards out nine years, and dwarfs six, that have 
never borne a fruit, and I guess I know what I 
am about. They have blossomed profusely, and 
some of them set fruit—but I have pulled them 
off, though it went very much against the grain. 
When they come into bearing, after such de¬ 
lay, there is great satisfaction in looking at the 
fruit, some in eating it, and more still in giving 
it away. You see, in growing a handsome fruit, 
perfect after its kind, a man enters into co-part¬ 
nership with nature. He helps nature to do some¬ 
thing which would be impossible without him, 
and nature helps him. The joint product is as 
much an honor to man as it is to nature. A 
basket of fine pears glorifies a gardener as much 
as a great speech does an orator. The giving 
aWay of the fruit or putting it upon exhibition, is 
the publication of his speech. It sets the gar¬ 
dener to talking in a very mute kind of way 
that all sensible people comprehend. I should 
call an orator rather stupid who spouted his 
speech to the winds. He wants an audience. 
That gardener lacks both wit - and manhood, 
who is content with eating his own pears'. They 
should have a chance to speak for him. 
And this reminds me of a circumstance 'that 
has just happened in Hdokerfowhi You see a 
week ago Sunday, Mr. Spooner preached a ser¬ 
mon on the text “By their fruits ye shall know 
them,” applying the doctrine among other things 
to Slavery, and showing up this wicked war as 
one of its fruits. He pictured out a big tree, and 
the branches hung with treason, rebellion, :op 
pression/theft, murder, and about all the'vices i 
that disgrace mankind. Now, you see, human 
nature is weak, and my mind instead of follow¬ 
ing the thread of discourse, was running on the 
fruits in my garden. .My Bartletts were just in 
their glory, and a man couldn’t have said fruits 
on any occasion, without my thinking of them. 
So when we got home from meeting, I said to 
Mrs. Bunker: “ Sally we needn’t be ashamed; to 
be known by our fruits, suppose we send Mr. 
Spooner a basket of Bartletts.” 
“ Very well,” she said. “ Send the basket heap¬ 
ing full and send it the first thing in the morn¬ 
ing so that he will know what it means.” 
Sally, you see, is one of Mr. Spooner’s right 
hand men, or rather women, a modern Dorcas, 
to whom it seems to come natural to help the 
poor, and make other folks happy. So I thought 
it fair to credit her while I credited the minister, 
and put on top of the basket a card: “ With the 
compliments of Mrs. Bunker, Matt. 7: 20.” 
I am getting to be pretty well along -in life, 
and my enjoyment of gardening, increases with 
my years. I am only sorry that I had not be¬ 
gun to plant fruit trees earlier. I hope your 
young readers will learn wisdom and improve 
the present season. 
Hookertown, ) Yours to command, 
Sept. 15th, 1862. j Timothy Bunker,'Esq. 
Preparing for Winter. 
In this month, most preparations for Winter 
should be completed. It will not do to wait un¬ 
til the ground is frozen and covered with snow. 
Work done at such a time will be poorly done. 
Indeed, much of our fall work should be already 
accomplished; but let there be no longer delay. 
In the Garden —Have an eye to those late 
vegetables. The cabbages—are they all gathered 
into the cellar, or covered nicely in the garden, 
where they can be reached without difficulty ? . 
See that they do not get water-logged. Are 
they likely to be infested by mice? We have 
known whole stacks to be thoroughly riddled 
by them. See that they have good ventilation, 
both those in the cellar and out of doors. And 
as with the cabbages, .so with turnips, carrots, 
beets, celery, etc. Guard all the latter from 
frost, mold, rot, and excessive dryness. Keep 
them sound and plump, ready for man or beast: 
Is the garden well ridged up; so as to throw- 
off the surface water, and to bring the stiff/ bot¬ 
tom clay up to the frost? Whoever wants to 
deepen .his soil, to kill noxious grubs, and to 
have his garden dry and early in the Spring, 
will be sure to throw it up into ridges in the 
Autumn. A long spade, and a strong arm and 
will, can accomplish this quickly. Lay the 
ridges in a different direction every Fall. 
The bean-poles, stakes for tomatoes, melon 
and cucumber boxes, and any other frames for 
small liot-beds—arc they all under cover? It 
is well known that they wWl last many years 
