1871 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
283 
A shallow-running cultivator with broad shares will 
not injure the corn by cutting off the roots. 
Go through the corn after the cultivator and pull 
or hoc all the weeds from the hills of corn. It is 
hardly safe to use a cultivator on potatoes so late 
in the season. Pull the weeds out by hand. 
Weeds in Pastures and Fence Corners should not 
on any account be suffered to go to seed. Let them 
be mowed at once. 
Stubble Land , especially after barley, is often full 
of weeds; a mowing machine may be used with 
advantage to cut them. Also, in pastures where 
thistles and other weeds or rough grass and rushes 
are abundant, a mowing machine affords an easy 
method of checking or destroying them. 
Milch Cozes are apt to fall off rapidly in their milk 
this month, and that dairyman is fortunate, or, 
more correctly speaking, prudent and enterprising, 
who has a good supply of corn fodder. There is 
little profit in keeping cows, unless they have all 
the food they can eat and digest. The trouble with 
com fodder is that it is too bulky. The cows are 
capable of digesting more of it than their stom’aclis 
will hold. They need, if the grass is of poor qual¬ 
ity, a little corm-meal in addition to the fodder. 
Horses suffer greatly from flies this month, and 
should be provided with nets or light cotton covers. 
Washing them with water containing a little crude 
carbolic acid is a temporary relief. 
Sheep frequently suffer greatly this month for want 
of water. If there is no water in their pasture lot, let 
them be put at night in a lot where there is water, or 
else be driven to water night and morning ; allow 
them plenty of time to drink. If the weather is wet, 
and the grass long and succulent, it is agood plan to 
mow a portion of it occasionally. The sheep will 
eat and thrive on the dried grass. It is a true say¬ 
ing that “ sheep like roast meat better than boiled.” 
Lambs, if not done already, should now be weaned. 
Let them have the best of pasture after weaning', 
and place the ewes on poor pasture until dry. Ex¬ 
amine the bags fora few days, and, if necessary, 
draw out the milk. When dry, and if early lambs 
are desired next spring, the ewes, towards the lat¬ 
ter end of the month, should begin to have 
abundance of good food. Strong, healthy 
lambs can only be expected from ewes in good 
condition. Sheep intended to be fattened next 
winter, should now be purchased and placed in good 
pasture. In the ease of Meriuoes, select strong, 
thrifty wethers, three'or four years old. There is 
no money to be made in lattening poor sheep in 
winter. Most of the fat must be put on between 
now and November. 
Swine. —Low prices are causing farmers to neg¬ 
lect their pigs. It is poor policy. If kept at all, 
they should be kept well. Our own plan is to feed 
the pigs at night, but not in the morning. They 
are then hungry enough to search for their food, to 
run on the stubbles, to pick up wormy fruit in the 
orchard, and to eat weeds and grass. At night they 
have a feed of soaked corn, and go to sleep con¬ 
tentedly with a full stomach. They should have 
constant access to fresh water, aud an external ap¬ 
plication will be gratefully received. 
Winter Wheat. — Where wheat is sown after bar¬ 
ley or oats, the land should be plowed as early af¬ 
ter harvest as possible. If this can not be done at 
once, harrow the land, to break down the stubble 
aud destroy weeds, and cause the seeds to germi¬ 
nate. The rubbish will act as a mulch and keep the 
ground moist, and it will plow easier than if left un¬ 
protected to bake in the scorching sun. The fallows 
must not be neglected. Get every thing ready, but 
do not be in-too great a hurry to sow. Ifthe land is in 
good condition, from the 5th to the 35th of Septem¬ 
ber is the best time in our latitude. To prevent 
smut, the old-fashioned plan of moistening the seed 
with fermented chamber-lye, and then drying it. 
with quicklime, is safe, and, if thoroughly done, ef¬ 
fective. The liquid, from the stables, if fermented 
so as to develop the ammonia, is equally good. The 
main point is to turn over the heap until every seed 
aud every part of each seed is moistened with the 
liquid, and the same is true in regard to the lime. 
A simpler and entirely effective plan is to dissolve, 
for each bushel of seed wheat, 3 ounces of blue 
vitriol in one quart of water. When cool, sprinkle 
it over the wheat, and turn carefully until every 
seed is completely moistened. Old wheat will re¬ 
quire three pints of water to each bushel. No lime 
is required to dry the wheat, and, in fact, would 
probably do more harm than good, as it would de¬ 
compose the vitriol. The seed wheat, after being- 
treated with the vitriol, may be kept for days or 
weeks without injury, which is not the case in the 
old plan above described. Wheat is sometimes 
treated with brine to prevent smut, but we have 
always thought it rather risky. 
Renewing old Pastures , by harrowing them and 
sowiug timothy, can be done any time this month, 
or the beginning of the next. 
Manure may be drawn out and spread on the pas¬ 
tures or meadows, or on grass or clover land in¬ 
tended for corn next spring. Many farmers are 
afraid that the hot sun will evaporate all the am¬ 
monia. It would do so if there was any free ammonia 
in the manure, but such is rarely the case. Spread 
the manure at once, and be careful to break up all 
the lumps. Thomas’ smoothing harrow is a capital 
implement for this purpose. 
Root Crops must be hoed and thinned out. Most 
people are inclined to leave the plants too thick. 
White turnips may be sown any time during the 
month, and even ruta-bagas sometimes afford a fair 
crop on good land, sown early this month. 
Work in the Horticultural Departments. 
At this season there is, as usual, a great deal of 
work to be done in the garden and orchard, but 
the labor of planting is very light compared to that 
of two months since; all that now needs to be 
done is to keep the horse and cultivator busy, 
stirring the soil as often as possible. Many things 
can be done now to good advantage about a place, 
such as cutting brush aud weeds along fence- 
rows and making it look as neat as possible. 
aiul Nursery. 
The newly-set trees ought not to be neglected 
during the hot, dry weather of August, when a little 
timely attention and care would save many which 
would otherwise perish at this trying season. A 
heavy mulch applied now will save a great deal of 
time in hoeing, besides keeping the ground moist. 
Marketing.—In marketing early apples and pears, 
care must be used in packing, to prevent the fruit 
from becoming bruised during transportation. All 
fruit should be picked by hand, after it is fully 
developed, but before it softens. Establish a good 
name for fair dealing, and have each package of 
uniform quality throughout. In picking take care 
not to break or injure the limbs. 
Insects. —Pick up all unripe fruit which falls to 
the ground and feed to the pigs, or allow the pigs to 
run in the orchard, where they can devour the fruit 
as fast as it falls. Remove all late caterpillars’ nests 
as soon as they make their appearance. 
Budding should be done whenever the bark is 
loose enough to run easily, and well-ripened buds 
can be had. 
Borers. —If borers are found, probe with a wire. 
Seeds and Seedlings .—Young seedlings require 
shade from the scorching sun ; this may be given 
by using laths, as already mentioned, or evergreen 
branches. Collect tree seeds as soon as ripe, and 
either sow now or preserve in sand until spring. 
Weeds must be kept out of nursery rows, either 
by the use of the horse or by hand. Where old 
trees have been neglected, and the ground near the 
body of the tree is occupied by weeds and suckers, 
a heavy breaking-up hoc can be used. 
BiitcIteBi. CwarnleM. 
During this month most of the vegetables will be 
fit for the table, and a well-stocked garden will 
furnish a family with a supply of healthy food dur¬ 
ing the summer, as well as a good part of the 
winter. The soil between the rows of plants 
must be kept light and free from weeds by the use 
of the cultivator, or with some hand implement. 
Asparagus. —Never allow the bed to become filled 
with weeds, but keep the soil between the rows 
hoed often. This is a good time to apply a dress¬ 
ing of manure, in order to give the plants a good 
start in the spring. If new beds are wanted, gather 
a supply of seeds. 
Beans. —Plant Refugee or other early sorts for 
late use and for salting. If Limas are inclined to 
run higher than the poles, pinch them. Never hoe 
beaus until the dew has dried up, as it will cause 
the vines to rust. 
Beets. —Where the plants are too thick, thin out 
and use as greens. Keep the rows free from weeds, 
and in dry weather apply liquid manure. 
Cabbages and Cauliflowers. — Plants, if set out now, 
will produce a crop in most localities. Where 
caterpillars are troublesome, destroy by hand-pick¬ 
ing or by the use of salt or other application 
Carrots. —Keep hoed and thinned, and if young 
carrots are preferred, sow for a late supply. 
Celery plants for the late crop may now be set in 
well-enrieked ground. 
Corn will need constant care in hoeing and weed¬ 
ing; where seed is to be saved, select the earliest 
and best ears. 
Cucumbers. — Cultivate the soil around the hills 
until the vines coyer the ground. Gather for pick¬ 
ling as soon as they reach a suitable size. 
Egg-Plants. —Draw the earth around the stem, 
and give thorough cultivation. A little straw 
placed around each plant will preserve the fruit 
from becoming soiled by touching the ground. 
Endive. —Tic up the leaves of the early-planted 
crop when dry, to blanch them for use. Set out 
plants a foot apart for a late crop. 
Herbs should be cut on a dry day, just as they 
commence to flower, tied up in small bundles, and 
dried in a shady place. 
Lettuce. —It is of no use to sow lettuce now, un¬ 
less one has a shady place, for it soon runs to seed. 
Melons. —All fruit not likely to perfect itself 
ought to be cut off; this makes the remainder 
much finer. When the fruit approaches maturity, 
it will be benefited by turning occasionally, and by 
having a little straw placed under it. 
Onions. — Harvest as soon as the majority of the 
tops fall over, and after being thoroughly dried 
store them iil a cool, dry place. Store onion sets 
in an airy loft, with their tops on, taking care not 
to have them so thick that they will decay. 
Peas. — Late-sown peas are liable to mildew, and 
produce a very scanty crop ; if desired, some of 
the earlier varieties may be sown now. 
Potatoes. —The early crop may be dug and sold, 
or if used in the family, dig only as wanted. The 
tops may be buried in the rows, or else placed on 
the compost heap. 
Radishes. —The best winter sort is the Chinese 
Rose-colored ; sow late this month or early next; 
if sown earlier, it will become overgrown. 
Seeds should be gathered from the earliest and best 
specimens as fast as they mature, if one is anxious 
to improve his stock. The best way, in small 
gardens, is to buy most seeds from reliable seeds¬ 
men, as they cost less than home-grown ones. 
Squashes. — Examine the vines to find and de¬ 
stroy all the injurious insects which infest them. 
Sweet Potatoes. —Vines must not be allowed to 
root, and the soil kept clear of weeds, and light. 
Tomatoes. —Destroy the large green worm which 
eats the foliage. Pinch the rampant shoots, and 
keep tied to some sort of trellis ; or allow the vines 
to rest upon brush placed around the plant. 
Turnips. — Ground from which early crops have 
-been taken may be sown With turnips. Thin 
ruta-bagas, and keep the rows free from weeds; 
H’riiit Gardca. 
The main work here is the care of the fruit as it 
ripens; remove all superfluous growth, and keep 
the soil free from weeds. Where there is more 
