AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
[August, 
300 
35 to 40 ft, intervals. These measurements 
have, however, often been found insufficient in 
England. 
The point on which our author’s ideas are most 
at variance with our own, is th e size of tiles that it 
is best to use. He insists on the use of large tiles; 
nothing less than 3y 2 inches diameter for lat¬ 
eral drains, and from 3-inch to 6-inch tiles 
for mains, 6-inch for the outlet of 13 acres. 
Our experience goes to show that iy 4 -inch tiles 
for laterals answer not only as good, but a much 
better purpose than the large.ones, while then- 
cost, both for manufacture and for transporta¬ 
tion, is less than half that of the 3 l / a -inch ; we 
would use 4-inch tiles for the outlet of 13 acres. 
Mr. Hozier thinks a drain should never be 
filled full by the hardest rain; we think it an ad¬ 
vantage to have them flushed several times 
during the season, insuring their thorough 
cleansing. Considerable experience in the prac¬ 
tice of both systems seems very clearly to 
Eustain our idea, and the experiments instituted 
for the purpose by the sewerage engineers of 
cities show ample reason for its soundness. 
Any reader who will use due caution about 
.accepting what seems to us to be the heresies of 
this essay, will find it replete with practical 
suggestions, and with sound arguments in favor 
of underdraining, and will be well repaid for all 
the time and care he may give it. There is given 
in it an instance of the complete stoppage of a 
stone culvert, not less than 15 inches square in 
the water way, by the roots of a tree, “ and, 
though the drain was opened and cleared at 
considerable trouble and expense, hardly a year 
elapsed before the mass inside was as impene¬ 
trable as ever.” 
- m i . re -O r* . . 
Watering- the Herd. 
A scarcity of water is something with which 
the majority of our readers are fortunately not 
familiar. ¥e do not refer to the failure of 
streams and wells, which occurs in all sections 
in an unusually dry season, but a perennial 
scarcity of water, where miles and miles must 
be crossed before one can supply his own wants 
and those of his animals. Some excellent 
grazing regions in the far West and South-west, 
where the most nutritious grasses abound, are 
often discouragingly dry, and the droves and 
herds must be driven a long distance from their 
feeding-grounds to water. To the traveler 
across these plains the occurrence of water is 
a matter of the greatest interest. The other 
two requisites of a camping-ground, grass and 
fuel, he generally feels sure of finding by search¬ 
ing for them, but water occurs only in certain 
localities. The day’s travel, whether of a few 
persons or a large train, is governed by the dis¬ 
tance between watering-places. The writer has, 
upon several occasions, found these from fifty 
to seventy-five miles apart—distances somewhat 
appalling to one having charge of a slow- 
moving train. After the forced abstinence 
from water that attends a long march, the ani¬ 
mals become almost frantic when they reach 
camp, and rush for the pool or stream in the 
wildest manner. In traveling in a country 
where Indians are troublesome, and the camp, 
as is frequently the case, is at some distance 
from the water, it requires no little circumspec¬ 
tion on the part of those in charge of the ani¬ 
mals to prevent a surprise on the part of the 
enemy. Many an emigrant train has been left 
without means of transportation by allowing 
the animals to be driven to water without a 
guard sufficiently strong to repel an attack- 
