322 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[September, 
Contents for September, 1871. 
Calendar for September. 
A Working Capital of $200 per Acre. . .329 
An Egg Farm.0 Illustrations.. 331,332 
Bee Notes. .327 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Red River Trains—Tobacco 
— Aunt Sue’s Puzzle Bos — Making Mud Pies. 
3 Illustrations— 347, 34S 
Clover for Plowing under.333 
Country Roads and Bridges.2 Illustrations.. 329 
Currant and Gooseberry Trees.344 
Dry Earth in Veterinary Surgery.339, 310 
Early Lambs for Market.339 
Fairs in 1871. ..353,354 
Fall Planting of Hardy Plants.313 
Farm Work for September.322 
Flower Garden and Lawn in September.324 
Fruit Garden in September.323 
Gate Posts.. Illustrated. .330 
Gathering Cotton-Wood Bark for Forage. .Illustrated.. 340 
Gathering Sea-Weed for Manure.2 Illustrations. .333 
Grain-Bins and Corn-Cribs.2 Illustrations.. 338 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in September.324 
Harvesting Corn. Illustrated.. 336 
How they make Roads in Quiddletown.5 lllus. 330 
How to Build a Cheap Greenhouse.5 lllus. .341,342 
How much Seed, and now should it be Sown.335 
Kitchen Garden in September. 323 
Lettuce for Next Spring.344 
Lime and Lime-Kilns.3 Illustrations.. 335, 33G 
Market Reports.324 
More Labor and Manure, and Less Land.331 
Notes from the Pines—Sweet Corn—Sub-tropical— 
Arundo Donax—The Sorrel-Tree—Kcelrenteria parti- 
culata. . . .343 
Orchard and Nursery in September.323 
©nr Native Loosestrifes. . .Illustrated. .343,344 
Pickling Seed Wheat. 338 
Plants for Winter.344 
Pleasant Announcement.. . .329 
Portable Fences. . 2 Illustrations.. 337 
Pumps for Liquid Manure.3 Illustrations. 339 
Putting in Wheat. 339 
Simple Stump-Puller. Illustrated. .338 
Southern Bush-Honeysuckle. Illustrated.. 341 
Swamp Muck. .. .330 
The Common or Scotcli Broom. Illustrated ..341 
The Household — Drying Fruit, Corn, etc.—Home 
Topics—Sunday Headaches—By Express or by Post 
—Treatment for “ Cross Children ”—Oatmeal Gruel 
—Knee-Breeches—Hints on Making Pickles—Salad 
Dressing—Recipes.345, 346 
The Mother’s Milk for Calves.33S 
The Trilliums, or Wake-Robins. Illustrated. .344 
Thorough-bred Stallion Lexington. Illustrated. .321 
Wakefield Cabbage—How to Select for Seed.343 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 93—Wool Grow¬ 
ing—Diehl Wheat—Essex Swine—Clover a Means of 
Fertility—Clean Culture of Crops.334,335 
Working Oxen.3 Illustrations. .337, 338 
INBEX TO “BASKET, 
Bee Notes .3S 
Bone Manure. . 325j 
Cleansing Milk Pans . 327 
ClippingSheepintoShape32(ii 
Clover with Corn.325j 
Common Sense in the 
Household.325 
Corn-Husks.327, 
Cost of Boats..327 
Cultivating Corn.32fi| 
Destroying Ants.«.328, 
Docks and Elders.320 
Draining for Gardens... .32S; 
Drilling Seed.325 
Farm Gate . . 325 
Fattening flogs.326 
Fly-Proof Smoke-House. 326, 
Grass for Mountain Land 
in Now Jersey . 325 
Grass in Summer Fallows.326 
Humbugs, Sundry . 327 
Harvesting Pens . 327' 
HighPricesforShorthorns32S 
Kansas Farm that seems 
to he Worn out . 326 
LhMjc vs. Small-Pigs.339 
Little Pigs. .'.. 3271 
Making Cheese .325 
Management of Timber 
Lands in Illinois.325 
Manure a Remedy for 
Chinch-Bug in Wheat..325 
Model Letter . 325 
Money Saved . .32S 
Musty Cellar . 326 
Mutton Sheep . 336 
Norway Oats . 325 
Potato Digger . ,327 
OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Potatoes on Sod..326 
Register of Am. Jersey 
Cattle Club.328 
Remedy for a Hard-milk- 
Cow.324 
Rot in" Sheep.327 
Salt and Muck.327 
Saving Rennet.325 
Sawdust, Bone-Meal, and 
Ashes'.326 
Shade as a Fertilizer.326 
Soft Butter.325 
Sorrel.327 
Sowing Timothy on Stub¬ 
ble.. 326 
Stopping a Hen from Sit¬ 
ting.325 
Stump Puller.328 
Sundry Humbugs.327 
Sweet'Pork.327 
To kill Dewberry Bushes.326 
To Prevent Blocks from 
Splitting.326 
To Prevent Sows Eating 
their Young.326 
Temperature of Spring- 
House.327 
Value of Apple Pomace 
for Manure.326 
What is tin; Best, Variety 
of Winter Wheat.?... .326 
Will Gas-Lime drive away 
Insects ?.325 
Will it Pay to use Lime 
for Manure at 25c. a 
Bushel ? .326 
Wire ami Board Fence. ..327 
Wire Fences.325 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1871. 
September should be a comparatively leisure 
month on the farm. Wheat, barley, and, this year, 
oats are all harvested, and corn is not yet ready to 
cut. The principal steady work of the month for 
the teams is to put in the winter wheat. With us, 
October and November are the two busiest months 
of the year, and during September it should be our 
aim not only to get every thing ready, but to anti¬ 
cipate the work as much as possible. Of all the 
summer and autumn months, the farmer is inex¬ 
cusable who does not drive his work. Next month 
it will drive him. We doubt the economy of a 
farmer taking a team and going to plow all day. A 
hired man, or a good boy, with a little instruction 
and occasional assistance, will do this kind of 5vork, 
while there are ascore of important things to be done 
that no one can do as well as the farmer himself. 
Much of the success of a farmer depends on the good 
judgment exercised on tills point. It is where two 
farmers out of three fail. They would rather work 
than think—rather plow all day than keep things in 
order, and attend to the details as well as the gen¬ 
eral direct ion of the farm. They do things that they 
like to do , and leave undone those things which 
they do not like to do—or, what is about tlie same 
tiling, they leave them to the hired men. No man 
can succeed 5vho habitually adopts this course, for 
the simple reason that, no matter lioiv industrious 
lie may think himself to be, or appear to others, lie 
does not in fact work. Work is doing something 
that his judgment or his conscience tells him 
lie ought to do. If a farmer has a particular 
fondness for feeding a thrashing machine, and does 
not like to attend to the details of thrashing, such 
as seeing that no grain is left in the straw, or goes 
over in the chaff; that the horses are properly fed 
and watered, and that the outside horse, which lias 
to travel farther than the inside one, is allowed a 
longer half of the cvener; that the straw stack is 
properly built; that the boys are not put to do the 
hardest part of the work, and required to do all the 
running about and wait on the men besides ; the 
farmer, in short, who shuns all thought, care, and 
responsibility, and devotes this l ime to feeding the 
machine simply because lie likes to do so, while lie 
knows, or might know, that lie ought to be attend¬ 
ing to other tilings, is merely wasting his time and 
strength. He is playing, not working. In agri¬ 
culture, as in religion, feeling is no rule of duty. 
Happy he who, against his inclinations, does what 
he knows ought to be done; happier still he who 
feels like doing it. 
Slinls about Work. 
Clover Seed will be a light crop this year. The 
spring of 1870 was so dry, that thousands of acres 
seeded down with clover failed entirely, and thou¬ 
sands more would not have been worth resowing 
for meadow or pasture had it not been for the 
timothy sown on the land the fall previous. We 
can not expect a heavy crop of clover seed from 
such land. Those who have any clover that will 
yield even a bushel of seed per acre would do well 
to gather it. With a mowing machine and a 
reaper platform, cutting clover seed is expeditiously 
and cheaply performed. Those who have only a 
mowing machine, can cut and gather a light crop 
of clover seed by making a sheet-iron platform, 
and attaching it to the cutter-bar of the mower, 
and letting it drag on tlie ground. A man walks 
behind the machine with a rake, and keeps the 
clover on the platform until he has got all it will 
carry, when he pulls it off into windrows. On a 
wood mower, the sheet-iron can be attached in a 
few minutes. When there is a large growth of 
clover, and comparatively little seed in it, it should 
be cured in such a way as to preserve as much nutri¬ 
ment in the clover as possible. We shall then get 
seed and hay. In this case, the clover seed should 
be cured in the same way we cure clover hay. But 
when the fodder is of no value, clover seed may be 
allowed to lie exposed to the sun and rain for 
days or weeks without injury. In fact, it will 
thrash all the easier for such repeated wettings 
and dryings. When drawn in, however, it should 
be quite dry, and if there is no barn room it is better 
to thrash it out at once, as it is almost impossible 
to make a stack of clover seed that will shed the 
rain. If put in a stack, it must be thatched. 
Sowing Winter 'Wheat. —Some hints were given on 
this subject in the last Agriculturist. On a good 
summer fallow that is mellow and moist, it will 
make comparatively little difference whether the 
seed is sown broadcast or put in with a drill. But 
after spring crops, on dry, cloddy land, a drill fre¬ 
quently makes the difference between a good crop 
and a poor one. If sown broadcast, the seed lies 
among the dry clods, and much of it will not ger¬ 
minate until we have rain ; while a drill can be set 
deep enough to-deposit the seed in the moist earth 
beneath the clods. And if the drill is followed by 
a roller to break the clods, the moisture beneath 
will be retained, and the seed will germinate and 
grow, even should no rain fall for weeks. Late- 
sown wheat requires more seed than when sown 
early—say 1% bushels per acre if sown the first 
week in September, and two bushels the last week. 
Much, however, depends on the condition of tlie 
soil. On good, rich land, in fine order, the 5vheat 
tillers so much that less seed is required. A change 
of seed is always desirable. As a rule, it is believed 
to be better to get it from a somewhat more south¬ 
ern latitude, and from poorer soil. 
Top-Draining the T Vheat Fields where needed is of 
great importance, and it is better to do it as soon 
as (he wheat is sown than to wait until the rains 
come. There are fields where it is necessary to 
plow out every dead furrow, but ordinarily all that 
need be done is to make furrows from the lower 
parts of the field where water accumulates. Secure 
a good outlet from these, and the upper portions, 
unless there are hollows, will not need furrowing. 
Artificial Manure for Wheat will not pay unless 
we get §1.50 to $1.75 per bushel for the wheat. 
Nitrate of soda at four cents per pound is the 
cheapest source of nitrogen in the market at tlie 
present time, and with wheat at $1.75 it might be 
used with fair profit. Sow 100 pounds per acre 
when the wheat is sown, and another 100 pounds 
if need be in the spring. On poor, sandy land, 
it would be better t,o sow 100 pounds of guano 
and 100 pounds nitrate of soda per acre in the fall. 
