250 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
luxuriant growth. The effect of the Ichaboe 
guano is similar to that of the Peruvian, 
though far less marked. What advantage 
may result from the use of Poudrette we are 
unable to estimate, as no portion was left 
unmanured, as should always be when ex¬ 
periments of this kind are made. 
Indian Corn .—There are two fields of this. 
One contains four acres, on which potatoes 
were grown last year. They were manured 
with twenty two-horse loads of yard manure 
to the acre, plowed in, and 150 lbs. Peruvian 
guano sowed in the drills. The land was 
plowed eight inches deep, well harrowed 
and rolled, after which the corn was planted 
on the 14th of May, in hills four feet apart. 
The only manure applied was two barrels 
of poudrette per acre, which allows a hand¬ 
ful to each hill. As soon as the rows could 
be fairly seen the plow was used, followed 
by the cultivator in about a week after. It 
was then hoed, applying to each hill and 
mixing well-with the soil as much Ta-feu as 
could be held between the thumb and two 
fingers, since which the cultivator has been 
used freely as often as necessary. The 
other corn lot, containing five acres, was an 
old meadow. This was planted the 21st of 
May, and manured in the hill at the rate of 
six loads of stable manure per acre. The 
after cultivation has been the same as that 
of the other field. This lot looks rather 
backward, but with good weather it will 
come in well. It has been much damaged 
by ground moles, but their ravages have now 
ceased. 
Mr. H. has used Peruvian guano on his 
grass lands with advantage, but thinks its 
effects cannot be depended upon to last over 
one year, though in some instances he has 
perceived an increase of the crops for two 
years. He thinks it is an important help to 
the farmer when used with discretion, but 
that it should not be used on the same field 
two years in succession. This may be the 
case on a light soil, but we believe it may be 
profitably applied in small quantities every 
year upon clay or heavy loam We saw 
two meadows of Timothy grass, still stand¬ 
ing,—on one of these the effects of Peruvian 
guano, sown last year, are still very per¬ 
ceptible. 
A peach orchard was planted last year 
on a poor lot, containing two acres of side 
hill land. Owing to the severe cold weather 
many Oi Ihem were killed last Winter, but 
they were mostly replaced in the Spring. 
The varieties of peaches used were those 
which have been found to succeed best on 
Long Island in the neighborhood of this 
farm. They were all procured budded with 
the following varieties : Smock’s, Craw¬ 
ford’s, Early and Late, Old-Mixon, Honest 
Johns, and Stump of the World. This orch¬ 
ard was planted with white beans on the 
12th of June. They were put in drills thirty 
inches asunder, and about three inches 
apart in the drill, and manured with poudrette 
of domestic manufacture. They show well 
at this date. 
A small plot, four square rods, was plant¬ 
ed, May 23d, with long orange carrots. 
This was plowed the previous Autumn, and 
a heavy dressing of yard manure turned un_ 
der. It was again well plowed this Spring, 
before planting. The seed was first soaked 
in lukewarm water forty-eight hours, and 
then mixed with about double its bulk of 
gypsum before sowing. The rows were 
made two feet apart, which is found to be 
rather close for field culture, as it allows too 
little room for the use of the horse-hoe. 
Half an acre, adjoining the carrots, plow¬ 
ed and manured last Fall with yard manure, 
was yet to be planted with Turnips for family 
use. Part of an old field of 21 acres was 
plowed in and harrowed in April for Ruta 
Bagas. It has just been replowed, harrow¬ 
ed, rolled, and sown with 275 lbs. Peruvian 
guano per acre, thoroughly incorporated 
with the soil by the use of the cultivator, 
and then laid out in drills thirty inches apart, 
and one pound of seed per acre planted. 
A light one-horse subsoil plow is used 
between the potatoes and corn rows after 
the last hoeing. This is a valuable imple¬ 
ment, especially on those portions of the 
farm containing a clay subsoil. 
We were informed by Mr. H. that since 
the purchace of this farm four years ago the 
gross products have more than doubled. 
A Long Island Peach Orchard. —We visit¬ 
ed the farm of Messrs. Hawley, Smith & 
Carman, whose peaches are becoming pret¬ 
ty well known in this market. This is half 
a mile south of the farm above noticed, and 
now contains 126 acres of peach orchard all 
in bearing. In 1845 Mr. Carman leased an 
old field containing forty acres which had 
not been under cultivation for fifty years, 
the soil having been left in a very reduced 
state previous to that date. It was partly 
covered with a young growth of cedars, 
which were removed. It was plowed to an 
ordinary depth, and the trees set out eight¬ 
een feet apart each way. No special care 
was taken in planting them, and the only 
manure used a double handful of old com¬ 
post to each tree. 
Mr. C. met with many discouragements 
in this new undertaking. Peach trees had 
been but little cultivated on this part of the 
Island, and it was looked upon as a foolish 
outlay of time and money. The trees were 
obtained from New Jersey, and consisted of 
Crawfords, Late and Early, Smocks, Old- 
mixons, Honest Johns, and a variety called 
the late Heath Freestone. The Smocks have 
proved to be by far the most profitable. 
The early and late Crawfords have done 
well; and the Old-mixons pretty well. The 
Honest Johns have been less profitable, and 
the Late Heath nearly valueless. 
In five years the crop raised from this 
orchard sold for $3,300, since which time 
it has borne well up to last year, when it 
began to fail. In 1846 Messrs. H., S. & C., 
convinced that their project would prove a 
profitable one, hired a farm, adjoining their 
first peach orchard, for a term of years, and 
commenced operations on a still larger 
scale. During the three succeeding years 
they planted an orchard of 70 acres ; the 
trees consisted entirely of early and late 
Crawfords, Old-mixons, Honest Johns, and 
Morris Whites. The land of this second 
orchard was similar to that of the first, and 
the same course of treatment was pursued 
with the exception that no manure whatever 
was used. In 1850 the first good crop was' 
obtained, since which time it has increased' 
in productiveness, and is now in its prime. 
Mr. C. says no manure is necessary when 
the tree is first planted, but that their method 
has been to sow bone dust or guano, and put 
in buckwheat every season until the trees 
get too large to permit the growth of grain'., • 
after which the land is kept as loose as pos¬ 
sible and the weeds kept down by the fre¬ 
quent use of the plow and cultivator. The 
profits realized from the sale of grain have 
paid all expenses of setting out and care off 
the trees. 
Very little attention is given to shaping: 
the trees. The suckers are kept down* and* 
an occasional hoeing around the roots is» 
attended with good results. 
A third orchard consisting of sixteen 
acres was leased and set out in 1850. The 
varieties of fruit were Sm ocks and Early and 
Late Crawfords. These yielded in 1855, 
2,500 baskets. Last year the gross sails of 
all the orchards amounted to seven thousand 
dollars. Encouraged by the results of ten 
years experience, the company bought the 
farm of Mr. Chichester in 1855. They have 
added pear growing to their peach business. 
The present season they put out 680 dwarf 
pear trees, imported from France, from 
which they expect a moderate crop nest 
year, as several of the trees have fruit upon 
them at the present time. Their selection 
consists of the following varieties : Bartlett, 
White Doyenne, Beurre Bose, Urbaniste, 
Duchess d’Angouleme, Louise Bonne de 
Jersey, Beurre Diel, Winter Nelis, and 
Vicar of Winkfield. These are chosen iis 
part with a view of having a succession. 
The trees are set out eight feet apart each’ 
way,—the 680 just occupying an acre. The 
ground was prepared by plowing ten inches 
deep, and subsoiling four inches deeper. The 
spaces between the trees are occupied with 
potatoes, which were heavily manured. 
The soil is kept loose and entirely free from 
weeds by frequent hoeing. 
We should add that from past experience 
Messrs. H., S. & C. have found the follow¬ 
ing varieties of Peaches the most valuable, 
and have put only these in their nursery off 
young trees: Smock’s, Crawford’s Early 
and Late, Stump of the World, Old-Mixon, 
Honest John, and Morris White. Those who 
wish to see the quality of the fruit they 
raise can do so at the proper season by call¬ 
ing at their fruit depository, near Fulton 
Ferry.— [Ed. 
Buckwheat with Corn. —Mr. Norman 
Felt, of Madison Co., N. Y., informs us that 
last year on the 10th day of July, he sowed a 
bushel of buckwheat seed in a corn field of 
four acres, scattering the seed where the 
corn had been destroyed by the cut worm . 
After this was done, the cultivator was run 
through the corn, and it received its last 
hoeing. About one-third of the ground re¬ 
ceived the buckwheat seed. 
When the corn ripened, early in Septem¬ 
ber, it was cut up and removed from the 
spots where the buckwheat was growing. 
On the last of September the hu.ckvyh.eat was 
