AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
2 66 
most any other plant, and for those who 
keep up their horses and cattle through the 
summer, it will be found a good crop. It 
will be ready for the scythe in the spring, 
by the time the root-bin is empty. Whether 
rye is sown for this purpose, or for the 
grain, it should be put in early. 
FATTENING ANIMALS. 
Do not put off this business till November. 
An animal will lay on fat and flesh much 
faster now than in cold weather. They 
should be kept full fed, and should have a 
variety of food. Pigs should have all the 
green corn they can eat. We have found 
the large sweet corn, cut up by the roots, a 
very profitable diet for them. They will eat 
leaf, stalk and ear, as clean as a cow. 
HARVESTING CORN. 
If you are short of fodder, and wish to 
make the most of your corn, cut the stalks 
when the spindle and a little of the stem be¬ 
neath it is dry. If cured, and bound in small 
bundles, it makes a fodder equal to the best 
hay. The grain is undoubtedly diminished 
by this process, but -what is lost in grain is 
made up in the increased value of the stalks. 
If grain is more of an object with you, cut 
up by the roots as soon as there is danger 
of a killing frost. This will give the maxi¬ 
mum quantity of grain. 
POTATOES 
should be dug as soon as the vines are dead. 
If struck with the rot, the sooner they are 
out of the ground the better. We begin to 
hear some complaint of the rot, though po¬ 
tatoes in the market thus far have been ol 
good size and quality. Do not be in haste 
to sell until the extent of the disease is as¬ 
certained. In storing them, keep them from 
the light. 
TURNIPS. 
Those which are cultivated in drills should 
have thorough tillage through this month. 
Stir the soil often, and keep it free from 
weeds. This month and the next make the 
turnip crop. It is not yet too late to sow 
the Red Strap Leaf variety. They will grow 
until they freeze into the soil. Sow them in 
any vacant spots in the garden, or where 
early potatoes have been taken from the 
field. Should the fall be wet, you will have 
a large return for your labor. If they fail 
to make bulbs large enough for use, they 
will make a good green crop to plow in, 
CARROTS 
also should have constant cultivation until 
the tops shade the soil and prevent the 
growth of weeds. Success in root culture 
depends very much upon subduing weeds. 
Not one should be left to go to seed. The 
eradication of weeds in old ground that has 
long been subject to slovenly husbandry is 
the most expensive part of growing roots. 
It costs so much to get a field into right 
shape for this crop, that we have thought it 
was better economy to keep it in roots for 
a succession of years, rather than to seed it 
down. We believe carrots can be grown, 
with manure enough, to secure a thousand 
bushels to the acre, more economically than 
with any less quantity of manure, and a 
smaller yield. 
SAVE YOUR WIND-FALLS. 
Some farmers leave these to rot upbn the 
ground under the apple trees. But there is 
the same reason for removing them, that 
there is for clearing the garden and fields of 
weeds. Most of these apples are full of 
worms or the eggs of insects. It is from 
this cause that they have fallen prematurely. 
If suffered to lie upon the ground, the seed 
of a wonderful worm harvest will mature, 
and you will have work for another season. 
If you would have fair fruit, you must take 
care of these worm nurseries and crush 
them in the bud. If the pigs run in the or¬ 
chard, they will probably keep the ground 
clear, and get some part of their living. If 
you have not this convenience, let them be 
picked up and given to cows and swine. 
STRAWBERRY BEDS 
c«i be prepared and planted early this 
month. (See the Agriculturist for August, 
and another page in this number.) 
THE MUCK BEDS 
are the foundation for good beds of every¬ 
thing else in the garden. If you have not 
an abundant supply of this article, do not 
fail to secure it this month. The mines can 
be worked to much better advantage now 
than later in the season. (See another 
page.— [Ed. 
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS. 
SEPTEMBER, 185C. 
[We give from month to month, besides our leading 
article, “Work for the Month,” a Calendar of some of the 
more important operations in the field, garden, &c. 
These are adapted to the latitudes of 41° to 42'">. A little 
allowance must be made for each degree of latitude—later 
north, earlier south. An early season, or a late one 
advances or retards operations, so that we shall 
need to revise and adapt these tables to each year. 
The letters f. ra. I. refer to first, middle, and last of the 
month. 
Doubling the letters thus: If., mm., or 11, gives emphasis 
to the particular period indicated.] 
FARM. 
Barn-yards—See that, the autumn rains do 
not leach your manure heaps, and carry the 
best portions into the highway, or upon a 
neighbor’s farm. Remember that a drain 
from the barn-yard, unless the wash is saved 
by a pit and muck, is a hole in the pocket. 
Beans—Pul) as soon as ripe, and spread 
or stack to dry. 
Buckwheat-Cut as soon as dry, and 
thresh as fast as it is carted in. 
Cattle for Fattening—Give extra pastur¬ 
age, with a little of the corn sown for soil¬ 
ing, and a few pumpkins occasionally; if 
any old corn is left over, feed them on it 
now, as they will gain much faster than after 
cold weather sets in. 
Corn—Cut and shock early, or as soon as 
the husks are well dried ; the corn will be 
sweeter and heavier, and the fodder much 
better than if cut when perfectly ripe, after 
exposure to all the autumn storms. Select 
sound, well filled ears for seed, from stalks 
producing two or more ears ; trace and hang 
them up in the crib or granary, if you wish 
to have no failures in next spring’s planting; 
remembering the many complaints of last 
spring, and the labor of replanting. (See 
page 245 of August Agriculturist.) | 
Cows—Feed a little of the soiling corn to 
milch cows at night, especially where pas¬ 
turage begins to fail. Pumpkins may also 
be fed to them with profit. 
Draining wet soils — Continue until they 
are made the most valuable portions of the 
farm. 
Fences—See that they are in good order, 
as cattle are looking for the best pasturage 
at this season. 
Hogs should not be allowed to spend this 
month in idleness; when shut from the 
range of the fruit orchard, they should be 
employed in manufacturing manures; to aid 
in which, cart to their yards and pens potato 
tops, turf, loam, muck, leaves, weeds, and 
the scrapings from woods, mixing in a little 
com for them to root after. Put swine for 
fattening in a yard by themselves, and give 
extra food. 
Manures—Attend to ff., mm., 11. Collect 
sea-weed, muck, fish, head lands, &c., for 
composting, and spreading in the cow and 
hog yard. (See last month’s directions.) 
Muck Swamps are farmers mines. Con¬ 
tinue to “dig” in them before the “rainy 
season sets in,” that you may have a good 
stock for winter and spring use. It is bet¬ 
ter to keep one year’s stock on hand, as ex¬ 
posure, and especially freezing, benefits it. 
Potatoes—Dig for market as wanted; 
many prefer allowing those for winter use 
to remain till late in the season, believing 
that they keep better in the ground than 
elsewhere, and that if they decay, it saves 
the trouble of taking them in and removing 
them again. 
Root Crops—Use cultivator among, to 
loosen the soil. Keep free from weeds. 
Rye—Sow f. to m.; see article on Wheat. 
Seeds—Select the best, and keep them dis¬ 
tinct for planting. 
Soiling Crops—Cut and feed out as want¬ 
ed, and harvest that intended for winter use 
early, curing it well before putting away. 
Timber—Continue to cut ff. (See last 
month.) 
Timothy—Sow ft’., if not done already. 
Weeds—Gather and carry to the hog-pens 
both for food and manure; weeds in their 
green state are eagerly sought by swine. 
W'heat—Prepare to sow early. (See arti¬ 
cle elsewhere.) 
ORCHARD AND NURSERY. 
Apples—Gather autumn varieties, and lay 
away in the fruit-room. 
Budding may still be done ff. Loosen the 
bandages of early buddings, and insert fresh 
buds where failures have occurred. 
Evergreens may be moved during this 
month, though we prefer to transplant them 
in the spring. 
Fences—Keep in good order—cattle do 
much damage at this stage of crops, both in 
the orchard and nursery. 
Fruit—Gather with care as it ripens ; 
some varieties, particularly pears, are im¬ 
proved by picking and carrying to the house 
before they are fully ripe. 
Grounds for nursery and orchard; pre¬ 
pare by manuring, plowing and subsoiling, 
or trenching, f. to m. 
Hoe nursery rows and seed beds ; do not 
