202 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[JlUlEj 
Contents for June, 1876. 
Among 
Bos Spavin and Thor 
Barn-Doors. Ilang-ins! 
for Sliding. 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Twelve White Oxen- 
WaterMonster—Aunt Sue’s Chats—Aunt Sue 
Draining Wet 
Flax, Growing 
Forest-tree Planting—Fifth Article. 
Horses, Clydesdale. Illustrated 
Household Department—Home Topics—Boiler for 
Summer Use—Household Conveniences—Are Wom¬ 
en Enemies to Agriculture ?—Foot Scraper for the 
Door-step—Extending a Bureau—New Process Flour 
—8 Illustrations .223-225 
House Plan.. G Illustrations.. 209 
How Flowers are Fertilized .3 Illustrations.. 222 
Jujube. Illustrated. .221 
Kitchen Garden for June.203 
Links, Open.3 Illustrations.. 217 
Machinery, Use of... 211 
Market Report for June.204 
New York Horticultural Association.234 
Nose-Bag for Horses. Illustrated. .217 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 70—Draining—Flush Tank— 
Pumping Liquid Manure—Fodder Corn—Jersey 
Cattle Club. 210 
Orchard and Nursery for June...... 203 
Packing and Shipping Berries to Market.219 
Paris Green—Buying, Using, Keeping.207 
Peas, Southern Cow.215 
Pigs, Berkshire..... . Illustrated.. 213 
Pigs, Large White. Illustrated.. 213 
Plant Leaf.2 Illustrations. .220 
Pork Packing at the West.235 
Ringing and Handling Bulls. 4 Illustrations. .210 
Salad Plant, a New.223 
Scare-Crows.2 Illustrations.. 216 
Science Applied to Farming.211 
Sheep. Improvement of..211 
Steps for Barns, Movable. Illustrated. .219 
Tools, Grinding.. . Illustrated. 217 
To Prune or Not to Prune.222 
Tugs, Fastening. 2 Illustrations. .HIS 
Ventilator, Automatic.. Illustrated. .217 
Victoria Colony, Kansas....218 
Washer Cutter..... Illustrated. .208 
Work, Hints About..202 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” 
Advice to a “Would be 
Farmer”.233 
Alderney and Jersey Cat¬ 
tle.233 
American Kennel.200 
American Veterinary Col¬ 
lege. . ...206 
Animal Parasites and 
Messmates.206 
Ashes, Value of Coal.234 
Books,New Architectural206 
Broom-Corn and Brooms.205 
Broom-Corn Planter.235 
Catalogue of Agricultural 
Tools. 206 
Centennial Music.235 
Cleaning Coat Collars.. ..235 
Convention of Short-horn 
Breeders. 234 
Cramp and Cholera.235 
Currant Worm.207 
Egg Plant.235 
Feeding Hogs for Profit..233 
Ferrets' Wanted.201 
Fertilizer for Grass.tSC- 
Frauds i:i Fertilizers_205 
Hand-Book for Fruit- 
Growers.206 
Hen Manure, to Use.235 
Hog, Berkshire...234 
OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Iritis in a Horse.235 
Length of Cut Feed.235 
Long-horn Herd Book.. .235 
Manual for the Apiary.. .206 
N. J. at the Centennial. 235 
Orchid Culture.206 
Palms for Palm Sunday. .233 
Peanuts...235 
Plague of Mice.235 
Potato Reports.233 
Potato Show in England.233 
Protection from Dust 
when Thrashing.235 
Raising Water for Irriga¬ 
tion . ”..235 
Refrigerating Houses.. . .235 
Rumbling of the Intes¬ 
tines .235 
Rural Now Yorker.206 
Saddle Galls.235 
Scale of Insects on House 
Plants.206 
Scratches, Remedy for. .235 
Starch Factory Refuse.. .235 
Strawberries, Yield of.. .235 
Si: i .V.'' T J umbugs.206 
The Cactus.206 
Thrashing Machines... 234 
Warbles.235 
Three*Horg« Teams,—“J. R. D.,” Fer- 
risburg, Vt. For a three-horse team there must be a pair 
of shafts for the middle horse ; there is a difficulty in 
using three horses with a single tongue. The shafts may 
be used as an ordinary pair, or as two separate tongues. 
Pole straps may be used as well as breast yokes. 
Calendar for June. 
234 
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A r . 
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PHASES OF THIi MOON. 
3100X2 
BOSTON. 
N. YORK. 
WASII’N. 
CIIA’STON 
CHICAGO. 
n. 
Full M’n 6 
3d Quart. 14 
New M’n 21 
1st Quart 2S 
rr. sr. 
7 53 ev. 
10 30 ev. 
5 33 ev. 
10 30 mo. 
rr. m. 
7 41 ev. 
10 IS ev. 
5 21 ev. 
10 IS mo. 
FT. 31. 
7 29 ev. 
10 6 ev. 
5 9 ev. 
10 6 mo 
IT. 31. 
7 17 ev. 
9 54 ev. 
4 57 ev. 
9 51 mo. 
n. m. 
6 27 ev. 
9 24 ev. 
4 27 ev. 
9 24 mo. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JUNE, 1876. 
After an open winter we have had a late spring. 
Both are trying to wheat, and the promise of this 
crop is not eqnal to an average, excepting in some 
of the Western States, where it has never been ex¬ 
celled. But it is not the simple fact of a damaged 
crop that we would particularly notice here, hut 
that it is the unskillful farmer who suffers most from 
unfavorable seasons. This is especially apparent in 
the present condition of the wheat fields. Where the 
wheat was drilled in, it is in far better plight than 
where sown broadcast; on drained soils it has been 
the least winter-killed, and it is in the worst condi¬ 
tion where it was sown both broadcast and late. 
Now that we haveio compete in the English wheat 
market with the Russian farmer, who, since his 
emancipation from serfdom, is rapidly improving, 
with the Australian, and the Hindoo farmers of 
the East Indies, who now send their wheat to Eng¬ 
land for sale, we cannot live upon half crops. 
Either we must farm in the best manner, or we 
shall grow poorer every year. Our only hope is in 
larger crops ; as to higher prices, nothing hut a de¬ 
ficient supply will be likely to cause them, and the 
sources of supply are now so extensive, that a gen¬ 
eral deficiency will be unlikely to occur. In the 
course of improvement and the cheapening of pro¬ 
ducts, farming cannot fall behind other industries 
and prosper, and uuless every mechanical help and 
improved method is made use of, it will fall behind 
and become the poorest business in existence. 
Iliants sal*® oat Work. 
Corn .—Early varieties may still he planted. We 
have had an excellent yield of the Early Canada 
corn, planted as late as the 21st of this month. 
This is an eight-rowed yellow corn that, although 
small, may be made to yield, upon good soil, 60 
bushels of shelled corn per acre. It will stand 
close planting. The corn grower this mouth must 
cultivate and cultivate. The cold, backward spring 
has helped the weeds more than the corn, and a 
good crop can only be expected through thorough 
cultivation. To choose the proper irujilement is 
very important; a plow goes too deep, and injures 
the roots; while a cultivator that slips over the 
hard spots, only half does the work. The surface 
must be well worked and kept loose and mellow. 
As soon as the rows can be seen, cultivation should 
begin, and then the advantage of having the rows 
perfectly straight will be manifest, for in straight 
rows the cultivator can be spread so as to cut close 
to the plants by going once only in a row. Thor¬ 
ough and frequent use of the cultivator will save 
hand-labor ; no farmer can afford to hand-hoe his 
corn crop now-a-days. 
Potatoes .—Early planting almost assures a safe 
crop. By planting early, the crop will be out of 
the way of the second brood of the Colorado beetles. 
Although the price is very low, we would still plant 
potatoes. A farmer should always be independent 
of markets, and he may be so, to a great extent, by 
feeding what he cannot sell. Potatoes fed to pigs 
the past season, have been worth 50 cents a bushel, 
and although this is exceptional, on account of the 
high price of pork, it is rarely the case that 25 cents 
a bushel cannot be made out of potatoes by feed¬ 
ing them. 
The Colorado Beetle is most to be dreaded when in 
the larva state. It then eats voraciously, and is 
very numerous, the perfect insect eats also, but 
there are not so many of them. The whole se¬ 
cret of safety is in being prepared for them, and not 
only brush them off the vines into the pan described 
in the American Agriculturist of September, 1875, 
but have Paris green in readiness for the larvae. 
Small quantities should be hand-picked. It should 
be borne in mind that the larvae of the Lady-bugs 
are useful, and not to be destroyed ; they are long 
and narrow, veiy active, lead-colored, with bright 
spots, and quite unlike the larvae of the Colorado 
beetle. The pupae of the Lady-bug, attached to the 
vines, should also be spared ; they have been mis¬ 
taken for the larvae of the Colorado insect, and 
many have picked them off; they are perfectly dor¬ 
mant. See Basket item on the use of Paris green. 
Beans .—This is a crop that gives good profit when 
well managed. It is a poor plan to plant it upon 
ground that will grow nothing else. On good, cleau 
land, a corn-stubble, or a newly plowed clover sod, 
beans should yield 25 to 30 bushels per acre. They 
yield best when drilled in rows 30 inches apart, and 
two to three inches apart in the rows, hut we find 
this gives most work in pulling them. An Emery 
planter will drop and cover six acres a day with 
single beans, 3 inches apart, or 4 beans every 10 
inches. The crop should be planted at least by the 
middle of the month. 
llaster .—-Ground plaster (gypsum) is a cheap and 
valuable fertilizer for all the broad-leaved crops— 
com, potatoes, beans, etc., as well as clover. For 
such it may he applied early this month, scattering 
a full handful around each plant or hill. Being 
soluble, (though slowly), it will be washed into the 
soil by rains. There is no reason why it should be 
scattered upon the leaves, as is so often recom¬ 
mended by some writers. 
Boots. —Mangels, beets, or carrots may yet be 
sown, if not already in the ground. With roots, 
early sowing is of great advantage, and rich soil a 
necessity. In the absence of other manure, super¬ 
phosphate of lime, or fine bone-flour, in the drill 
near the seed, is of great value for the above, as. 
also for ruta-bagas and turnips. Ruta-bagas may 
be sown later in the month. As a preventive 
against the fly, or turnip or cabbage flea, some fresh 
lime, “dry-slacked,” with water in which some- 
carbolic acid has been dissolved, may be dusted 
over the plants. This may be done as quickly as a 
man can walk, and 5 or 6 acres may be dressed in a 
day. The English farmers soak the seed in tar- 
water, which, they say, saves the seed leaves from 
the flea. We have not tested this plan, but it may 
perhaps be worth a trial. 
Weeds .—It is a good thing for a fanner not to be, 
afraid of weeds. Some think and act as though 
they could not be killed. We know that they 
can be if properly managed. The secret is to> 
start early and keep at them. Perseverance during 
the whole season is necessary. Harrowing the 
ground soon after the crops are planted, and again 
as soon as they arc up, and then cultivate often, 
will nearly demolish them. Any that escape the- 
implements should be hand-pulled. 
Work Horses .—Nine hour’s work in the field, now 
that we have so many labor-saving implements, is 
