1876 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST 
235 
giiddln CJaSls.—“J. C. S.,” Pendleton, S.C. 
To prevent saddle galls, the saddle should be lined with 
some smooth hard substance. Flannel or woolen cloth 
is bad. A hard finished, smooth rawhide lining, similar 
to those of the military saddles is preferable. Then, if 
the saddle is properly fitted to the horse's back, there 
will be no galls unless the horse is very hardly used. 
Galls should be wnshed with soap and water, and then 
with a solution of six grains of copperas or blue vitriol, 
to one tablespoonful of water, which will harden the sur¬ 
face and help to restore the growth of skin. White hairs 
growing upon healed galled spots cannot be prevented. 
Cramp Sinai Cholera.—“H. S. B.,” Clay 
Co., Iowa. The indications of cramp in poultry are stiff¬ 
ness and rigidity of the limbs or neck; and of cholera, 
profuse diarrhea with discharge from the eyes. When 
subject to these diseases fowls may be destroyed at once, 
as it is more trouble to attempt a cure than the fowls are 
worth; the causes, which are cold, damp, or unwhole¬ 
some food, should be removed as the best preventive. 
ISonseoly for Scratches.—“A. P.,” 
Washington, Pa. Scratches may be prevented by keep¬ 
ing the horse's heels free from mud or snow by washing 
in warm water, and then wiping them dry with a towel, 
and by regulating the bowels by laxative food, or mild 
laxative medicines so as to keep the system cool. To 
cure this disease when established is often very difficult. 
Repeated doses of salts, followed by doses of an ounce 
of sulphite of soda daily, with the substitution of crush¬ 
ed oats, bran, and linseed-meal for corn ; together with 
continued washing of the heels with warm soap and 
water, and then rubbing them with glycerine, has fre¬ 
quently resulted in a permanent cure. 
Pi’oftectiosi from TvSnesi 
Thrashing.—“A Reader,” Griggstown, N. J. When 
thrashing dusty oats or wheat, that have been smutty, we 
have used a piece of mosquito net folded several times, 
and wetted, and tied around the mouth and nose. A 
thin piece of sponge in a piece of mosquito net, which 
is tied around the mouth and nose, and kept wetted and 
washed whenever a rest is taken, is also a good protec¬ 
tion against the dust. 
Warfclos— TFBae Ox —From Ju¬ 
ly to September, but chiefly about August, a fly known 
as the Ox Gad-fly, (Jlypoderma bovis), attacks cattle, and 
deposits its eggs upon their backs, probably by punctur¬ 
ing the skin, as the cattle make frantic efforts to escape 
its attack. The eggs soon become larvae, which are thick 
white maggots, inhabiting a tumor beneath the skin 
along the spine, and which feed upon the pus or matter 
caused by their presence in the flesh. These swellings 
are called warbles. The easiest way to get rid of them 
is to squeeze the maggots out of the tumors, each of 
which has a small opening in it through which the larva 
breathes. As they are squeezed out they should be 
crushed. If a general effort was made, this pest could 
easily be destroyed or rendered very rare. 
To use lien Manure.—“ E. H.” Ma¬ 
nure from the poultry-house is best mixed with six or 
eight times its bulk of loam. It can then be safely ap¬ 
plied to any crop or seed. 
Raising' Waiter for Irrig'ataois.— 
“R. E. B.,” Macon, Ga. There is no way of making 
water run up hill except by using some mechanical pow¬ 
er. A simple method of raising water is to use a cheap 
rotary pump operated by a one-horse power. A stream 
from a 3-inch pipe flowing for four hours, would irrigate 
one acre of ground, giving an inch in depth over the sur¬ 
face if equally distributed. For corn, this watering could 
be usefully repeated every week until the grain is set. 
Iritis in si Horse.— “A. P.,” Salem, 111. 
Inflammation of the iris or pupil of the eye is an attack 
of rheumatism in that part of the organ, caused by cold 
or a disordered condition of the system. The eye is red, 
and the cornea or central part is of a muddy yellowish 
color. This yellow appearance is caused by pus which 
becomes absorbed on the subsidence of the inflamma¬ 
tion until a renewed attack occurs. The proper treat¬ 
ment is to bathe the eye in warm water several times a 
day, and three times a day apply, with a camel 1 s-hair pen¬ 
cil dipped in it, a solution of 12 grains of nitrate of silver 
in 4 ounces of pure rain water. The horse should be 
kept in a clean dark stable, free from vapors of ammonia. 
A of Mice.—We have frequently 
spoken of the encouragement of vermin by the reckless 
destruction of birds, such as owls and hawks. A nota¬ 
ble case in point comes from Scotland in a part of which 
there is just now a plague of mice which are destroying 
the crops and ruining the farmers. This is so clearly at¬ 
tributable to the killing of owls and hawks, that the large 
land owners have begun to protect these birds, and have 
forbidden their destruction. Let us take a hint. 
BSefrlgersitisig' Mooses.—“ W. B. M.,” 
Plymouth, N. Y. The refrigerating houses described and 
illustrated in the American Agriculturist of Oct., 1874, 
are made on a plan patented by Mr. Rankin, of Emporia, 
Kansas. No such cool chambers, in which the ice is 
kept in receptacle above them, can be made without in¬ 
fringing some patent or other. The moderate fee which 
is charged by Mr. Rankin, ns a matter of form, to prevent 
a legal abandonment of his patent, is so small, as to be 
no impediment to the construction of such a refrigerator, 
either for a dairy or a fruit house. 
Wield of Strawberries. — “ P. A.,” 
Guelph, Out. The yield of strawberries depends upon 
circumstances, and is from nothing up to 3,000 quarts 
or more per acre. Upon the light sandy soil of Bur¬ 
lington Co., N. J., the average income from an acre of 
strawberries a few years ago, was $300. Last season, 
which was dry, and when the markets were poor, many 
fields did not pay the cost of gathering the crop. This is 
one of the risky crops, if grown on a large scale. 
Fertilizer for CSr.iss.— “ B.,” Prince 
Edwards Island. The best artificial fertilizer for grass 
is Peruvian guano, which contains ammonia, phosphoric 
acid, and some potash. This costs about $60 a ton ; 150 
to 200 lbs. to the acre would be a good dressing to be ap¬ 
plied every second year. 
BBroom-Corsa IPlsirater.— “ S. McC.,” 
Lawrence Co., Ohio. The “ Vanderveer Corn Planter,” 
and several others may be used to drop broom corn, as 
well as corn, by horse-power; 18 acres a day may be 
planted with one of these machines. The ‘‘‘Keystone 
Planter ” is well adapted for broom-corn, and is sold 
by R. A. Traver, of Charleston, Ill., along with seed and 
all other broom-corn and broom making appliances. 
A liomg-horti —After more 
than a century of existence and improvement, the old- 
fashioned, but not yet obsolete, long-horn cattle are to 
have a herd-book. A meeting of the breeders of these 
cattle, whose constancy beneath neglect is a character¬ 
istic of the English farmers, recently held a meeting at 
Bingley Hall, (England), for the purpose of forming a 
Long-horn Society, and establishing a herd-book for the 
record of pedigrees of the existing stock and their future 
progeny. This has been done in view of the alleged in¬ 
creasing interest manifested in this breed, which, how¬ 
ever, we must say has not yet become apparent to the 
naked eye, at any of the exhibitions or stock fairs, where 
the long-horns are only conspicuous ivy their absence, and 
the utter neglect into which they have fallen. Neverthe¬ 
less, we may see this breed before long resuscitated 
into notice. Two or three years ago we hazarded such 
a prognostication in view of the fickleness of public 
favor, and the many excellencies of this old-fashioned 
beef producing breed, and our prediction seems in a fair 
way to become verified. 
Peamils.—“L. T. C.,” Whitfield Co., Ga. 
Peanuts need good soil, and if of a kind on which lime 
is beneficial, that should be applied. The land being 
well plowed, is marked off 30 to 30 inches apart, both 
ways ; a little fertilizer is dropped at the crossings of the 
rows, and two peas, carefully shelled, are planted there. 
The ground is kept clean until the vines cover it. The 
Virginia peanut is much larger and better than the Caro¬ 
lina, and brings a higher price in the market. 
(Plant.— “ R.,” Mercer Co., Pa. This is 
a tropical plant, and 6eeds must be started in a liot-bed, 
or you can purchase the plants. Some kinds produce a 
fruit 6 inches or more in diameter. It is eaten green, 
when of the size of one’s fist up to the time the seeds be¬ 
come hard, and show that they are ripe by turning brown¬ 
ish. The fruit is cut in slices half an inch or more thick, 
the rind pared off, and the slices freely sprinkled with 
salt, piled upon one another with a weight upon top, and 
left for an hour or two. This is to remove a slight bitter¬ 
ness. The pieces nre then dipped in egg, covered with 
cracker or bread crumbs, and fried a delicate brown. 
Si«w Jersey at the Centennial.— 
Next to Pennsylvania, no State has. in proportion to its 
size, contributed so much to the Great Exhibition, not 
only in exhibits, but in direct outlay in money as New 
Jersey. Its State Building is regarded by many as the 
finest on the grounds, and besides contributing largely 
to the various departments, its very efficient State Com¬ 
mission proposes a Special Exhibition of all the cereal 
products of the State, to open on Sept. 25th, and con¬ 
tinue for one week. A committee has been appointed 
for each county to induce the grain-growing farmers to 
exhibit their products, and it is designed to show one 
peck each of all the varieties of grains grown in the 
State. Our many New Jersey readers will make a note 
of this ; they will be informed as to details by the com¬ 
mittee of their county, but it is well for them to know 
what will be expected of them. 
Eeng-tEi of Unit Feed.— “W. E. Z.,” 
Cleveland, O. Hay or corn-fodder should be cut into 
halt-inch lengths. The Baldwin fodder cutter, and the 
Gale copper-strip cutter, are both excellent machines. 
Starcli Factory Ilel'iise.— “R. II. W.,” 
N. Madison, Ind. The refuse of the corn-starch factories 
is valuable for food. It contains most of the oil and ni¬ 
trogen of the grain, the larger portion of the starch only 
being removed. At ten cents per bushel for the “ dry 
feed,” which is the husk and coarser part of the grain, 
and five cents per bushel for the “ white feed,” which is 
the refuse of the inner part, it is cheap,'compared with 
corn at 45 cents a bushel, and well worth hauling. 
0.casBfl3Bg- Coat Collars.— “S.,” Wash¬ 
ington Co., Md. The best material for cleaning coat col¬ 
lars and grease spots of all kinds, is pure benzine. The 
article is sold at the principal drug-stores in cities. That 
used by painters is not pure enough, and has a very un¬ 
pleasant odor, which the pure article has not, and the 
little which it has soon disappears. If this cannot be ob¬ 
tained, strong alcohol (95 per cent) will clean collars very 
well. A mixture of equal parts of strong alcohol and 
water of ammonia is also used. The trouble with all 
these liquids is that not enough is used ; a small quan¬ 
tity only softens and spends the grease spot; they should 
be applied in sufficient quantity and repeated, to not 
only dissolve the foreign matter, but to wash it out. 
Centennial Mnsic.— Oliver Ditson&Co., 
Boston, have issued a timely collection of national songs, 
including, besides those of America, English, German, 
French. Irish, and others, so that people of all countries 
who wish to be patriotic in song this Centeunial Year, 
are well provided for at 40c. paper, and 50c. in boards. 
After the above was in type, we received the “ Liberty 
Bell," a similar, but in most respects different collection, 
published by Win. A. Pond & Co., New York. 
Ruinltliiig' of tlie Intestines.—“M. 
B. M.,” Rolla, Mo. This disagreeable noise may be 
caused by flatulence, or by giving the horse too much wa¬ 
ter before starting upon the road. The remedy lies in 
avoiding the latter, and in giving less concentrated food 
than clear grain. Cut. feed, moistened and lightly salted, 
and ground or crushed grain, would be better than whole 
grain and dry hay. 
—-—- - n n en i'i'i 
Beport of Pork Packing at the West. 
From a supplementary report to the Cincinnati Cham¬ 
ber of Commerce, which contains valuable statistics of 
the Western Pork Packing fora number of years past, 
and for which we are indebted to Mr. Sidney Maxwell, 
Superintendent, we take the following interesting tab¬ 
ular statement of the comparative number of hogs pack¬ 
ed in the West at all points for 27 years past : 
Tears. 
No. of Bogs. I Years. 
No. of Bogs. 
1849-50_ 
. 1,652.220,1863-64.... 
.3,201,105 
1850-51.... 
. 1,332.867 1864-65.... 
. 2.422,779 
1851-52.... 
. 1.182,840,1865-60.... 
. 1,785,955 
1852-53.... 
. 2.201,110 1866-67.... 
. 2,490,791 
1853-54.... 
. 2,534,770 
1867-68.... 
. 2,781,084 
1854-55.... 
1868-69.... 
1855-56.... 
. 2.489.502 
1869-70.... 
.3.6: 5,312 
1856-57.... 
. 1,818,468 
1870-71.... 
. 3,623,404 
1857-58.... 
. 2,210.778 
1871-72.... 
. 4,782,403 
1858-59.... 
. 2,465.552 
1872-73.... 
. 5,456,004 
1859-60.... 
. 2,350,822 
1873-74... 
. 5,383.810 
1860-61.... 
. 2,155,702 
1874-75.... 
. 5.537,124 
1861-62.... 
. 2,893,666 
1875-76.... 
. 4,850,192 
1802-63.... 
. 4,069,520 
The following table showing the average gross weight, 
average yield of lard (all kinds) per head, and average 
cost per 100 lbs., gross, during the past six wdnter pack¬ 
ing seasons in Cincinnati since 1870 is also given: 
Gross Weight. ™f r °l^ rd Average Cost. 
1870- 71........298.8 42.62 ' . 
1871- 72.289.2 41.02 $4 36.48 
1872- 73.301 9 45.67 3 92.34 
1873- 74.280.7 39.7 4 58.24 
1874- 75.278.25 41.77 6 99.17 
1875- 76.273.68 37.8 7 27.53 
It will be noticed that while the number of hogs pack¬ 
ed in 1875-6 is less than for some years past, the gross 
weight and yield of lard is also considerably less than 
at any time since 1870. This shows that the stock of 
hogs has been closely drawn upon, and there will proba¬ 
bly be a consequent scarcity the coming season. A le¬ 
gitimate inference, which, however, every one may draw 
for himself, is that this stock can not easily be made up 
this year so as to reduce prices to a large extent. 
