24: 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[July, 
Contents for July, 1876. 
-Agricultural Engineering.250 
Among the Fanners—No. 0.254 
Apple, Roxbury Russet .. .261 
Apples Without Blossoms.262 
Arable or Grass Land.259 
Artificial Incubation and Rearing of Chickens..4 111 ..255 
Barn, An Octagonal.4 Illustrations .. 25S 
Bee Notes for July.251 
Bit for Self-sucking Cows . Illustrated. . 259 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—To Every Boy and Girl— 
How Did it Get There—Aunt Sue’s Puzzle Box— 
Story of a Frog—Aunt Sue’s Chats—Doctor’s Talks 
—7 Illustrations .205-2G8 
Braces for a Gate Post. Illustrated. . 257 
Catalogues Received.275 
Culture of Rape for Seed.3 Illustrations . .257 
Eagle, American, as it is, and as it is represented. 
Illustration ..241 
Eagle, the White-Headed or Bald.247 
Engine for the Farm and Workshop. ..2 Illustrations. . 259 
Flower Garden and Lawn for July. 244 
Forest-tree Planting—Sixth Article.251 
Fruit Garden for July.243 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for July. 244 
Hen’s Nest, A Simple. Illustrated .257 
Hints for the Workshop.3 Illustrations . .259 
Household Department—Home Topics—Some House¬ 
hold Conveniences—A Hammock in the Country 
7 Illustrations . 263-205 
House Plan..5 Illustrations. .252 
How Flowers arc Fertilized....4 Illustrations.. 262 
Kitchen Garden for July.243 
Market Gardening. 262 
Market Report for July.244 
Notes from the Pines.263 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 77....250 
Orchard and Nursery for July.243 
Plants, Talinum. Illustrated. . 200 
Plants, Twin-flowered Nemastyl'e.. Illustrated. .261 
Potato Bug Once More.3 Illustrations . .248 
Roots for Food, Value of Small.250 
Science Applied to Farming.249 
Snow Bunting... Illustrated .. 253 
Thrush, Varied. Illustrated. .253 
Tool-Boxes for Wagons.2 Illustrations . .257 
Wiiipple-trees for Plowing Corn. Illustrated. 256 
Woolen Interests.255 
Work, Hints About, for July . 242 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” OK SIIOllTEK ARTICLES. 
Advertisements,Read the274 Locusts, Use for.273 
Agricultural Patents .. .274 Mere Mention.275 
Ain. Berkshire Record...275 Mice and Trees. 246 
Angora Goats'Wool,Mar- Mulching.247 
liet for.. 246 Niter-Cake, What is.274 
Berkshire Swine, Prize [Parasite of the Horse, In- 
Essay on... .274i jnrions.244 
Black Lambs.273 Pear Blight.245 
Bones. Grinding.246 Petroleum, Crude.273 
Box Elder or Ash-leaved Pictures on Cover.245 
Maple.274 Pigs, Paralysis in.275 
Buckwheat Crop.245‘Polaris, the. 247 
Cabbage-seed, Sowing...247 Potash Salts.240 
Calla, Double.245 Poultry-Keeping, Will it 
Calves, Feeding Young. .2741 Pay? ...._ 274 
Cattle, Short-horn and Poultry, Pure-Bred.275 
Durham.275 Refuse of Blacksmith’s 
Cattle, Soiling.240 Shops, Value. 240 
Colt, a Biting..275 Rolling Chairs at Centen- 
Corn, Plowing.273 nial.245 
Cow. Two-teated__240 Root Slicers. 210 
Cow’s Teats, Holes in.. .275 Rose-leaves, Defaced... .274 
Crop Prospects. 275'Scours in a Colt, to Pre- 
Death of Edward J. Car- I vent.274 
penter.245 Sheep, Di pping.240 
Death of Louis Van Sheep in Oregon.273 
Houtte.274 Soldering at Home.245 
Draining Flowed Land...275 Strawberries, New, from 
Dynamite, Use of.275 Pennsylvania.247 
Earth, Moving.247,Strawberry Beds,Mowing240 
English or Horse Bean..274 Sugar Grove School..240 
Ewes, How they Recog- Sundry Humbugs .246 
nize their Lambs.275 Tanner’s Refuse...;.240 
Exports of Produce from ITeat, Obstructed.275 
New York.274 Tedder for Clover.273 
Farming, English and Timber Plantation, Value274 
American.275 Trees from Cuttings or 
Fowls, Langshan.274|_ Seed.247 
Fowls, Roup in.240.Trow’s New York Diroc- 
Fruit Jars.245 1 tory.245 
Garget, Treatment of . .273 Tumor on the Jaws.273 
Hard Times, Cause of—275 Tumor, to Remove a_274 
Hay, Preserving Green..275 Turnips on Summer Fal 
Herd-Book, Maine Jersey275 
Hogs, Raising on Corn..240 
Horse, Rheumatism in...240 
1 Iorticultural Exliibilion.247 
Horticultural Soc., N. J. .247 
Horticulture at the Cen¬ 
tennial ... 247 
lows, 
Value of Wool-suds of 
Woolen Mills...274 
Water, to Raise in a 
Spring.274 
West, Best Part.246 
Wool, tlie Price of. .274 
Hungarian Grass...274! W by a Cow Makes Little 
Labor, Value of.27o' Butter.273 
Produce Commission B>cs>iers. — 
Among the dealers in whom we place confidence are 
Myers & Alley, No. 83 Murray st., who receive consign¬ 
ments of green fruits, vegetables, and other produce, to 
sell on commission. They supply dealers in large or small 
quantities at the best rates. Their store in the early 
morning is as busy a place as one not often meets with. 
Calendar for July. 
Boston. A T Eng- 
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Washington, 
land. A . 
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Ph.iladelvhia, 
Mar gland. 
State, 
Michi- 
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Witicon- 
Penn.. 
Ohio. 
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■sin. 
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and 
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Illinois. 
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PHASES OF THIS MOON. 
MOON. 
HOST 
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36 
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New M’n 
20 
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11 
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11 
45 ev. 
11 
33 
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11 3 ev. 
1st Quart 
27 
10 35 
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10 
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11 ev. 
9 
59 
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9 29 ev. 
A M E it I € A X A ft IU € U L T if It I S T. 
NEW YORK, JULY, 1876 
July is considered as the harvest month, and as 
this year, and especially in this particular month, 
we are all making comparisons between things as 
they were a hundred years ago and as they now are, 
we may very well consider how much better we 
are provided with harvesting implements than our 
forefathers were. Instead of stooping painfully 
over our crops, and cutting them by handfuls with 
the sickle, we now lay them down with the reaper 
all ready to be bound, or even lay down the bound 
sheaves. In no department of human industry has 
there been a greater saving of labor, than in har¬ 
vest work. It has now become not a work to be 
dreaded, but the pleasing occupation of gathering 
in the abundant fruits of our labors, an occupation 
which should be accompanietl by thankfulness and 
contentment. The reaper, mower, tedder, horse- 
rake, unloading-fork, and thrashing machine, all 
worked by horses or by steam, are the contribution 
which mechanics have made to agriculture, within 
the latter part of the past century, and agriculture 
owes her sister art a heavy debt of gratitude for it. 
Bis sals also Work. 
In the FiMi— There are some precautions to be 
observed in working out of doors at this season, 
which may add much to the comfort, and may pre¬ 
serve health, or save life. Tho most important is 
to avoid drinking cold water when heated. We 
have worked a whole day without drinking, except 
at the usual resting spells, and know that it can be 
done by-any one who will resist the desire to swal¬ 
low copious, drafts of water. The fluid dilutes the 
blood, weakens the system, greatly increases pers- 
piratiou, and this in its turn excites thirst. To 
pour some cold water upon the wrists, and to bathe 
the temples, will reduce the temperature of the 
body very rapidly. As a protection to the. head we 
wear a white handkerchief or a cabbage leaf in tire 
hat, and a white handkerchief fasteued to the hat 
behind, so as to fall loosely over the back of the 
neck. If one must drink, a small quantity of oat¬ 
meal stirred in the water, will be wholesome and 
nutritious. 
The Laws of Health require careful observation. 
Decomposition is very active during the hot weath¬ 
er, and all filth and refuse of whatever kind, should 
be removed to the compost heap and well covered 
with earth. Sinks, cellars, drains, cesspools, and 
all such places, may be cheaply disinfected by pour¬ 
ing into them or sprinkling about them, a pailful 
of water in which a pound of copperas (sulphate of 
iron) has been dissolved. A quantity of ground 
plaster mixed with offensive liquid matter, or 
sprinkled about stable drains, or other bad smelling 
moist places, will be very serviceable. 
Weeds .—“Ill weeds now grow apace.” In the 
hurry of harvest work these should not be neg¬ 
lected. A day’s delay may not hurt the crop, 
while it may make a wonderful difference in the 
growth of the weeds. To cultivate in a dry time, 
will do the most execution amongst weeds, and by 
keeping the soil mellow, will make it more absorb¬ 
ent and retentive of moisture. 
Root Crops .—Mangels or ruta-bagas need to have 
the soil mellow and moist, and must be kept free 
from weeds. One plant too many in the row, is a 
weed as much as a thistle or a rag-weed, and where- 
ever the plants are too thick, they should be thinned 
unsparingly. Ruta-bagas may be sown up to the 
middle of the month. Dusting the young plants 
while still in the seed-leaf with fine guano, will help 
to keep off the flea, and will stimulate the plants to 
push out the rough leaves, when they will be safe 
from this pest. After July 15th, white turnips should 
be sown in place of ruta-bagas on northern farms. 
Fodder Corn for soiling, may still be sown in suc¬ 
cession up to the end of the month. The more this 
crop is grown and used, the more valuable it is 
found to be. It should not be sown broadcast ex¬ 
cept upon the very richest soil, and even then the 
extra labor of drilling it will be well repaid. Drills 
should be 30 inches apart, and the seed au inch 
apart in the drill. To get a good growth,” this crop 
should be as well cultivated as the main crop. Four 
bushels of seed per acre is needed. 
Corn .—Constant cultivation is very important for 
this crop. No other shows so much benefit from it. 
Our plan is to cultivate on the level, going close to 
the rows. If there are many weeds in the rows be¬ 
tween the stalks, we throw a little earth to the 
plants to smother the weeds. Afterwards, if neces¬ 
sary, this soil may be leveled with the hoe at the 
last weeding. Hilling corn is not, as some farmers 
think, needed to steady the plants. 
Potatoes suffer more from weeds than any other 
crop. One weed will take up and evaporate a good 
deal of moisture from the soil, and rob the crop of 
what It greatly needs. This loss of moisture is not 
often thought of in considering the effect of weeds, 
but it is very important. When too late to be killed 
by cultivation, the weeds should be hand-pulled. 
Peas and Oats, grown for fodder, may he cut with 
the reaper if they have not lodged. Otherwise the 
best plan is to cut them with the scythe, not as 
grass is mown, but by drawing them towards the 
mower in bunches, with the blade of the scythe, 
when the loose bunches may be left to dry until 
ready to haul to the bam. When cut in blossom, 
and well cured, this mixed crop is worth more than 
clover hay. 
Wheat .—The best time for cutting wheat is a 
matter of dispute. We choose that time when the 
greater part of the grain is in such a condition that 
it can easily be crushed to a soft moist powder be¬ 
tween the thumb and finger nails, and there is no¬ 
sign of milkiness or mushiness about it. If cut 
earlier than this the grain shrinks, if cut later it is 
lost by shelling, although its quality for seed and 
for grinding is best when cut dead ripe. The time 
of cutting is a matter of economy and convenience. 
Binding Grain .—One of the common small wastes 
of the farm arises from careless binding and shock¬ 
ing grain. Sheaves fall to pieces, or shocks over¬ 
turn, and grain is wasted as well as much time. See 
that the bands are strong enough, long enough, and 
well bound, and the shocks well put up and safely- 
capped. Although the caps may not be needed, 
yet the grain is safe, and in case of a sudden thun¬ 
der shower one can rest easy, knowing that no harm 
can happen to this crop. 
1 hr ashing.—To thrash the grain as soon as it is 
drawn from the field, and to market it, if it is dry 
