282 
AMERICAN AGPJCIJLT UIUST. 
[August, 
Contents for August, 1876. 
Agriculture at the Centennial.2S8 
Among the Fanners—No. 7.293 
Bee Notes for August.2S9 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—John Gilpin’s Bide—Aunt 
Sue’s Puzzle Box—Aunt Sue’s Chats—How Kitty 
Went Blackberrying— Doctor’s Talks—Maccaroni 
Eaters.6 Illustrations .. 303-30S 
Collars, Dry. 2 Illustrations.. 296 
Cheap Production. 299 
Chickens, Artificial Mother for.4 Illustrations .. 293 
Corn, Unloading.2 Illustrations. .HOI 
Farmers and Middlemen.299 
•Filter for Cisterns.4 Illustrations. .296 
Flax Manufacture in America.... 298 
Flower Garden and Lawn for August. . 2S3 
Fruit Garden for August.2S3 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for August.284 
Hay, Cutting Marsh. . 2 Illustrations.. 297 
Hints and Helps for Farmers..(1 Illustrations .. 29S 
Hog Pens and Cholera. 298 
Horticultural Clogs. Illustrated. . 303 
Horticulture at the Centennial.288 
Household Department—Home Topics—Home-made 
Furniture—Ginger Snaps.3 Illustrations . .303-303 
House Plan. . 4 Illustrations. . 292 
How Flowers are Fertilized.303 
Huckleberry. 302 
Kitchen Garden for August.2S3 
Leather Flower. Illustrated. . 300 
Market Report for August.284 
Moose, a Pair of Young. Illustrated .. 293 
New Wagon Brake.2 Illustrations.. 291 
New York Horticultural Association.314 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 78.—Deep-Can System—Jer¬ 
sey Cattle Club.289-290 
Orchard and Nursery for August.283 
Pentstemon, Large-Flowered. Illustrated. . 300 
Poisoning Potato Bugs. Illustrated. .2SS 
Rhododendrons in America.301 
Royal or Bengal Tiger. Illustrated. .281 
Science Applied to Farming.290 
Sheep-Shearing Machine.3 Illustrations. . 299 
Shelter for the Head. Illustrated. .289 
Stalls for an Octagon Barn.2 Illustrations. .297 
Strawberries.289 
Tim Bunker on Hard Times.295 
Wool Prospects.299 
Work, Hints About.282 
INDEX TO BASKET, 
American Institute .285 
Amsdcn Peach.286 
Annattoine.288 
A Short History of Natu¬ 
ral Science. 2S8 
Berkshire Swine Record.286 
Blight and Electricity.. ..283 
Bloody Milk.285 
Botany of California ... .286 
Bullocks, Weight of Year¬ 
ling.2S5 
Business Pluck.2S8 
Concrete Houses ...2S5,286 
Corn orWheat for PoultrySlo 
Corn Stubble, To Manage285 
Cows, Swiss. .315 
Crib-Biting. . .285 
Crude Petroleum. .285 
Cure for Spavin.314 
Disease of the Mouth_285 
Effect of Breeding and 
Feeding on llie Skin..313 
Failure to Grow Potatoes 
in Colorado.315 
Feed for Wool, Best.315 
Fine Lilies.286 
Firing Horses.288 
Fish Flour.314 
Floral Decorations for 
Dwellings.315 
Fowls, Broken Legs in..315 
Franklin Institute of Pa.287 
Fruit Preserving Powder2S0 
Goats versus Rats.315 
Guessing at a Plant.2S5 
Hairy Cone-flower.2S2 
Harvard Examination for 
Women .286 
Heat, for Incubation.285 
Horses, Percheron.287 
John Gilpin.287 
Large Egg.313 
Milk and Low Tempera¬ 
ture .315 
Milk from Virgin Heifers.314 
OK SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Mohair, Market for.28G 
Mowers at Philadelphia..285 
Mowers in Switzerland, 
Trial of.285 
Mowing Machine, Cost of2S6 
New Plants, Introducing.285 
Oaks of the Lb S. *.287 
Patrons of Husbandry at 
the Centennial.287 
Peruvian Guano.287 
Pigs, Importation of.314 
Plum Sprouts upon a Wil¬ 
low.2S5 
Poetry, Centennial Edi¬ 
tions of.286 
Riflemen, Hand-Bookl'or.2S6 
Right and Left Again... 315 
Root Cellars and Pits... .285 
Sassafras, to Get Rid of. .285 
Science and Appletons. .286 
Sheep-Raising in the 
West.315 : 
Sale of Horses.286 
Some Questions about 
Hogs . 315 
Sow Fails to Breed.287 
Steep for Seed Wheat.... 315 
Strawberry, Duncan.313 
Suffolk or Small York¬ 
shire .315 
Sugar and Sorgho Ma¬ 
chinery. 286 
Sundry Humbugs.286 
Swelling on a Colt’s 
Throat.313 
Thomas’ Fruit Culturist.,286 
Thistles.286 
Tumor on the Eye..._315 
Turkeys, Raising.28S 
Turnip Soil....313 
Veterinary Obstetrics _313 
Warm Slops for Pigs . 315 
What is a Month ?..315 
Wheat, Rust-Proof..287 
Wire for Binding Grain..314 
'4'Uie Mairy (l<mc>flower, Jtudbeckia 
liirta , has been sent several times of late, and recently by 
“ J. S. W.,” Dillsburg, Pa., and “ O. W. W.,” Orleans, 
N. Y., for a name. It is a branching plant, one to two 
feet high, roughly hairy, and bearing heads of flowers, 
one to two inches across, that appear like small sun¬ 
flowers, with a very dark purple center. This is proper¬ 
ly a western plant, which is becoming common at the 
East, its seeds having been brought in baled hay, and in 
field seeds, and is now frequent in pastures and meadows. 
Calendar for August. 
Boston.NEng¬ 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, AUGUST, 1876. 
A farmer’s work is never done. But there is a 
constant variety about it that prevents weariness, 
and some gratifying result is always perceptible for 
every labor. After the burry of July comes a com¬ 
parative rest; that is work must be done in harvest, 
but may ha done in August, when the burry of har¬ 
vest is over. On the whole, we have had a favora¬ 
ble season, and cultivated crops that have been 
well worked are free from weeds, and are laid by in 
good condition. Now that a few days can be 
spared, every farmer should visit the Centennial. 
There is much to be seen that will give every man, 
woman, or child old enough to appreciate it, mat¬ 
ter for thought, study, or imitation, that will he 
worth many times the cost. No person can view 
this grand exhibition, and come out of it discon¬ 
tented with things as we now possess and enjoy 
them. And of all persons who are benefited by the 
labors of mind and muscle of the last 50 years, the 
farmer stands first. Thoughtfully viewed, it is 
seen that nearly every invention in the arts and 
sciences, have gone to help him to work better or 
more easily ; to reach his customers more readily, 
and to add to his comforts and enjoyment. What 
we have to do now is to avail ourselves of every 
possible help in our farm work, to make it more 
effective and profitable. On the whole, there is 
reason for congratulation,rather than for grumbling 
that things do not move fast enough for us. 
KSoats Woidk. 
Turnips .—Although we cannot complain of short 
fodder crops this season, nevertheless we would 
not on that account fail to add to our resources in 
this respect, not knowing what may happen before 
spring. We should therefore sow as many white 
turnips as possible, before the middle of the month. 
We prefer the Norfolk “White Globe,” or the 
“ Cow-horn,” as these grow quickly, yield well, and 
are sweet and palatable. Any vacant ground may 
he used, or a piece of grass land that has run out 
and needs reseeding, may be turned down evenly, 
so that the grass is covered, and thoroughly har¬ 
rowed without tearing up the sod. A dressing of 
wood-ashes will be found very useful for this crop. 
Winter Wheat .-—This crop usually follows oats or 
barley. To summer-fallow for the wheat crop is 
now a plan to he discarded, excepting under very 
unusual circumstances. The oat or barley stubble 
should be plowed as soon as possible, lest it may 
become too dry to work well, or weeds may mature 
their seed. We do not advocate making the ground 
too mellow, and would have the surface somewhat 
cloddy if the soil is mellow underneath. We have 
frequently noticed that the wheat upon most care¬ 
fully finished and rolled fields, has suffered most 
from “heaving” in the winter, and that the wheat 
that has been “ cultivated ” in, has stood as well 
or better than the drill sown. We give two plow¬ 
ing^ for our wheat, one shallow one as soon as pos¬ 
sible after the oats or barley has been hauled off, to 
cover the trash and start the shed seed, and a final 
one in September. 
Seed Wheat should he selected as soon as possi¬ 
ble. The most readily shelled wheat is usually the 
ripest and plumpest, and this should be selected for 
seed. Otherwise the seed wheat should be passed 
through the fanning mill three or four times, that 
the heaviest, largest, and cleanest grains may be 
gathered. In every locality some one of the best 
farmers should make a special business of raising- 
seed wheat, which readily brings double the ordi¬ 
nary market price, and well grown and selected 
seed is well worth this price. Above all things 
avoid seed foul with cockle, chess, or other weeds. 
Manure .—-Manure is much damaged at this season 
by exposure to the hot sun while spread in the yard, 
or by mixture with seeds of weeds from the thrash¬ 
ing machine, or from foul pastures, from which 
they are brought by cattle. Both these evils should 
be avoided. Pile the manure as made, in compact, 
flattened heaps, and keep it moist; watering if 
need he with a few barrels of water now and then. 
Cut all weeds out of the pastures, lest they may be 
cropped by cows or horses, and the seeds' brought 
home to go upon the fields again in the manure. 
Much may be done this month in gathering materi¬ 
als for compost. Road dust is particularly valua¬ 
ble, and may be gathered now in abundance. 
Weeds in pastures, fence corners, road-sides, corn 
or potato fields, should be collected and burned if 
in blossom or seed. No other manner of disposing 
of them is safe, but this ends them. Remember 
that oats or barley from scattered seed in the newly 
sown wheat, are weeds as much as any other plant, 
and should not be permitted there. Where rag¬ 
weed has been allowed to cover the stubble, it wfll 
pay to mow it and rake it off, rather than plow 
down the ripened seed, and stock the ground. 
Clover Seed .—The high price of clover seed should 
make it an object to save the second crop of clover 
for this purpose. The aftermath is hut poor pas¬ 
ture, and causes horses and colts to slobber until 
they get poor upon it. It will .pay far better to 
save the second growth for seed, to he cut next 
month. 100 lbs. of “plaster” per acre, will help 
the growth "very much. 
Bumble Bees .—It is one of the most .important 
late discoveries, that the yield of red clover seed 
depends upon the bumble bees. These insects fer¬ 
tilize the blossoms, conveying the pollen from one 
blossom to another by means of their long probos¬ 
cis, and no other is known to do this necessary 
work. Without the humble bees we can have no- 
clover seed. The natural enemy of the bumble 
bee is the farmer’s hoy, who, when he tumbles over 
a nest and gets stung, never forgives or forgets it, 
hut becomes a life long enemy to this busy bee. 
Give these insects a wide berth, and let them live to 
increase the yield and to reduce the price of clover 
seed, which is getting higher every year. 
Flics .—This is fly t-ime, and the horses stamp and 
kick the live-long night. To get rid of these pests, 
which are not house flies as generally supposed, 
but a true bloodsucker, known as Slomoxys calci- 
trans, or the “kicking causing Stomoxys,” mix 30 
parts of lard or glycerine, with one part of carbolic 
acid, and rub'it lightly upon the hair —and not upon 
the skin—of the legs of horses and cows. Cleaning 
and washing the stables, and covering the opened 
windows with mosquito net, will help to secure a 
good night’s rest to the horses and milking cows. 
Horses .—A perfectly clean-cool stable, is prefera- 
