straight; always subulate and slender* and narrower at 
the base than the forehead. Toes, three before, one 
behind, the posterior generally long. 
Same Case—Nuthatch ( Sitta Europcea), Creeper 
(Certhia familiar is) ^ Hoopoe ( Upupa epops) . 
The Halcyons have a moderate, or long, pointed, 
quadrangular bill, slightly curved, or straight; legs 
with very short tarsi; three toes before, united, and 
one behind. 
Same Case—Bee-Eater ( Merops apiastei ), King¬ 
fisher {Aleedo ispida ). 
The Chelidonians have a very short depressed bill, 
very wide at the base, and the upper mandible curved 
at the point; feet short; toes, three before, divided, or 
united at the base by a short membrane, one behind; 
the latter often reversible. 
Same Case—Chimney-Swallow {Hirundo rustica ), 
Martin {II. urbica ), Sand-Martin {II. riparia ), Swift 
{II. apus ), Goatsucker {Caprimulgus Europceus). 
The Pigeons have a moderate, compressed bill, with 
the point more or less curved; the nostrils are pierced 
in a soft skin covering the base of the bill; toes, three 
before, entirely divided, one behind. 
Case 16 (bottom). Ring-Pigeon {Columba palumbus'), 
Stock-Pigeon {C. cenas ), Turtle-Dove (C. turtur ). 
The Gallinaceous Birds have a short, convex bill, 
with the upper mandible curved from the base, or only 
at the point; nostrils lateral; tarsi long; three toes 
before, united by a membrane ; the hind toe articulated 
higher on the tarsus than the others; rarely no hind 
toe, or very small. 
Same Case (upper part) and Case 17. Pheasant 
{Phasianus colchicus ), Ring-Pheasant (P. torquatus ), 
Red Grouse {Tetrao Scoticus ), Ptarmigan {T. lagopus ), 
Capercalzie, or Cock of the Wood* {T. urogallus), 
* The last are not British specimens. This species disappeared 
from Britain in the year 1760. It was last seen in the woods of 
Strath glass.— Mont. Orn. Diet, by Rennie , 1831. 
ROOM XII. 
Nat. Hist. 
Black- 
