Morphologie u. Entwicklung 
17 
Pilzsystem die Ustilaginaceen s. str. in nahe Beziehung zu den Üredineen 
gebracht werden; aber die Motivierung dieser Auffassung ist eine ganz 
andere! Ed. Fischer. 
DODGE, BERNARD 0 ., Methods of culture and the morphology of 
the archicarp in certain species of the Ascobolaceae. (Bull. 
Torrey Botan. Club, 1912, 39, 139—197, 6 plates.) 
Dodge has paid special attention to the conditions of spore germi¬ 
nation in the Ascobolaceae. He finds that the spores of many of the 
coprophilous species, which rarely germinate in artificial media under 
ordinary conditions, will readily germinate if subjected to high tempera¬ 
tures 50—70° C for five to ten minutes. In the case of Ascobolus car¬ 
bonarius, which is terrestrial, many spores will still germinate when heated 
to 80° C for five minutes. The heating process favours pure cultures, 
since the spores of many fungi are killed at these high temperatures. 
Heating the spores appears to hasten the ripening processes: half-grown 
spores of A. carbonarius can be germinated in this manner. Germination 
occurs about eight hours after the spores have been heated. The epispore 
becomes cracked in all directions and two or more germ tubes are put 
out at short distances from the ends of the spore. The number of apo- 
thecia may depend upon the acidity or alkalinity of the nutrient medium 
but this reaction is not an important factor in determining germination. 
The mycelium of A. carbonarius produces a large number of conidia, 
some of which give rise directly to the archicarp which consists of three 
distinct parts: the preliminary or stalk coil, the ascogonium, and the tricho- 
gyne. The tip of the trichogyne sometimes becomes coiled about an 
antheridial conidium. Archicarps may also arise from the mycelium which 
is the ordinary method of origin in Ascophanus carneus, Ascobolus im- 
mersus, A. furfuraceus and A. Winteri. In the case of these species 
the archicarps are spirally coiled organs of which the peripheral cells re¬ 
present a more or less strongly developed trichogyne. The trichogyne 
frequently becomes attached to a hypha growing out of the base of the 
archicarp. The author holds that the general character of the archicarps 
and the presence of septate trichogynes, support the view that the lichens 
represent primitive forms of the Ascomycètes. J. Ramsbottom (London). 
OLIVIER, E., Développement du Battarrea phalloïdes Pers. (Ass. 
Française Avancement Sciences, Congrès de Dijon, 1911, publié 1912.) 
La gleba du Battarrea phalloïdes est recouverte, au moment où le 
champignon vient d’acquérir sa taille définitive, par une membrane qui 
représente l’endopéridium et non, comme le croyait Persoon un fragment 
de volve (exopéridium). La végétation du champignon est entièrement 
souterraine, jusqu’à l’élongation du stipe, qui est extrêmement rapide. 
R. Maire (Alger). 
COOL, C., Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sporenkeimung und Rein- 
cultur der höheren Pilze. (Mededeel. Phytopathol. Laborator. 
W. C. Schölten, 1912, 3, 5.) 
Die Verf. untersuchte die Keimfähigkeit der Sporen höherer Pilze 
und bemühte sich, Reinculturen von diesen Pilzen zu erhalten. Es gelang 
Mycologisches Centralblatt, Bd. II. 2 
