Pilzkrankheiten der Pflanzen 
34 
par les champignon et arrêter l'accroissement des racines des plantes 
similaires ou empêcher leurs grains de germer. M. Turconi (Pavia). 
Pennsylvania Chestnut Tree Blight Commission, The Chestnut tree. 
Methods and specifications for the utilization of blighted 
Chestnut (Bulletin 6, 16 pp., 15 Aug. 1913). 
This publication lists the uses to which blighted Chestnut wood may 
be put, such as poles, ties, mine timbers, cooperage, vehicle manufacture, 
buildings, cabinet work, interior finish, tannin production etc., in an 
effort to secure a market for the large amounts of blight-killed Chestnut 
in the state. 
Volume tables are given for certain of the products indicating the 
amount which can be cut from different diameter-classes of trees; also 
prices are noted. 
To facilitate the movement of blighted cordwood the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Co. has reduced transportation rates within the state. 
C. J. Humphrey (Madison, Wise.). 
Heald, F. D., The symptoms of Chestnut tree blight and a brief 
description of the blight fungus (Pa. Chestnut Tree Blight 
Comm. Bull. 5, 15 pp., 16 pis.; 15 May 1913). 
This is a brief popular description of the field symptoms of the 
disease and a characterization of the fungus. 
Both ascospores and pycnospores are important in spreading the 
disease, the former being carried by air currents, the latter being important 
in the spread of the disease throughout a tree, after it is once infected, 
by the washing down of conidia during rains. The part which animals 
play in the spread of spores the author still considers problematical. 
A large part of new infections appears to be definitely related to 
some mechanical injury, but there are evidences that natural cracks 
and fissures may also be the avenue of entrance. 
C. J. Humphrey (Madison, Wise.). 
Shear, C. L. and Stevens, Neil E., Cultural characters of the 
Chestnut-Blight fungus and its near relatives (U. S. Dept. 
Agric., Bu. Plant Ind. Circ. 131 [5. July], 1913, 3—18). 
The Chestnut Blight fungus, Endothia parasitica (Murr.) And. et 
And., has several closely related species in the United States, namely, 
E. radicalis (Schw.) de Not, E. gyrosa (Schw.) Fr. and E. radicalis 
mississippiensis subsp. nov. The authors present the results of an extended 
series of microscopical examinations and culture tests upon these related 
species, from many localities, and find constant specific differences which 
warrant their separation, although E. radicalis (= E. virginiana And. et And.; 
E. gyrosa of Clinton) and its subspecies morphologically resemble 
E. parasitica closely. E. gyrosa (== E. radicalis (Schw.?) Farl. of 
Clinton) is, however, easily recognized by its long, narrow, usually non- 
septate ascospores. 
Over 2000 cultures from the United States and Europe were studied. 
These comprised 19 different collections of E. parasitica from Quer eus 
and Castanea, 24 of E. radicalis from Castanea sativa of Italy and 
Switzerland, as well as 54 from Quer eus and Castanea dentata of America, 
