300 
Biologie. Cytologie — Chemische Physiologie 
Infection for the formation of ectotrophic mycorhizas takes place by 
the penetration of the outer portion of the epidermal wall, and the middle 
lamellae are dissolved as the fungus continues its growth. After a time 
a complete mantle is formed inhibiting growth in length of the root. 
The root then produces new branches which are in turn infected forming 
a coralloid mycorhizal growth. 
Infection for the formation of endotrophic mycorhizas takes place by 
penetration from the root hairs to the adjacent cells. 
Apparently no one has previously reported a heterotrophic mycor- 
hiza, one in which the same fungus may be ectotrophic and endotrophic 
in the same rootlet. The author does not regard the ectotrophic mycor¬ 
hizas as in any sense symbiotic associations but as instances of the 
parasitism of fungi upon the roots of trees. In the case of endotrophic 
mycorhizas on maples the root may receive sufficient benefit from the 
digestion of fungous hyphae to justify regarding it as a symbiotic asso¬ 
ciation. F. A. Wolf (Auburn, Ala.). 
BEAUVER1E, J., Sur le chon dr iome d’une Urédinée: le Puccinia 
Ma Ivacearum (Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1914, 76 , 359—361). 
L’auteur constate la présence de mitochondries dans le stroma sous- 
téleutosporion du Puccinia malvacearum , les granulations métachromatiques 
sont élaborées par ces mitochondries; il n’y a pas de relations nécessaires 
entre la forme des chondriosomes et la nature des produits éleborées. 
R. Maire (Alger). 
GUILLIERMOND, A., Sur le rôle du chondriome dans l’élabo¬ 
ration des produits de réserve des Champignons (Compt. 
Rend. Ac. Sc. 1913, 157, 63—65). 
Bei Pustularia vesiculosa werden die metachromatischen Körperchen 
innerhalb der „Chondrioconten“ verarbeitet. Bei Peziza konnte eine andere 
Art der Entwicklung des Chondrioms festgestellt werden. 
Lakon (Hohenheim). 
GODDARD, H. N., Can fungi living in agricultural soil assimi¬ 
late free nitrogen? (Bot. Gaz. 1913, 56 , 249—305). 
The author gives an account of a series of investigation which would 
seem to justify the following generalization of results: 
Many species of fungi live habitually in the soil, carrying out their 
life history there, either in whole or in part. A considerable number of 
these have been found so far only in the soil. A list of nineteen species 
found in rather rich clay loam is given. As a rule it had been heavily 
manured, but during the last few seasons this had been less frequent and 
less abundant. No manure had been used the year previous, although a 
garden crop had been raised. The species are fully described. Mycelio- 
phthora sulphurea, Coccospora agricola, Trichoderma nigro-virens and 
Vevticillium chlamydosporium are described as new to science. The 
fungi living habitually in soil are, at least to quite an extent, uniform in 
different soils, and, unlike bacteria, appear to be rather uniformly distri¬ 
buted at different depths, at least as low as 14 cm. Tillage and manuring 
seem to produce little change in the number or kind of these fungi 
although the author does not consider this to be finally settled. These 
