1864 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
79 
to keep tlie mill running with full pressings. 
Here is a good chance for men with moderate 
capital to benefit themselves and to confer a 
favor upon their neighbors. 1ST. S. T.” 
These statements in regard to the practical 
working of cider mills driven by steam or water 
power, with additional mechanical contrivances 
for more finely comminuting the pulp and giv¬ 
ing the cheese a harder pressure, indicate that 
it is not too much to anticipate a considerable 
increase in the amount of cider and cider vin¬ 
egar annually produced. That there is a great 
waste of time, labor, and cider too, when the 
common methods are followed, no one can doubt. 
As we write, a farmer from Maryland states to 
us, that for some time he has practised grinding 
over and repressing the pulp of old cider cheeses 
with most profitable results. This could not be 
done, we think, with the grated pomace from 
the hydraulic presses mentioned by ‘ N. S. T.’ 
CONDENSED APPLE JUICE. 
That ingenious man, hard thinker, and indefat¬ 
igable worker, Gail Borden of Wassaic, N. Y., 
whose system of condensing milk away from 
contact with ah-, and at a temperature below 
that of boiling water, has been the means of 
supplying our army in the field, and many of 
the dwellers in this city of swill milk notoriety, 
with sweet and excellent milk at all seasons, 
has invented a similar process for condensing 
cider, the results of which are most gratifying. 
The apple juice, or sweet cider, before it has 
undergone any fermentation, is boiled down in 
vacuo , being reduced to one seventh of its ori¬ 
ginal bulk, without losing its flavor, or any 
good quality. It has no taste of boiled cider, 
but is a beautiful amber colored jelly, pleas¬ 
ant to eat in its simple state, particularly as a 
tart sauce, with poultry, game, or other meats. 
It makes excellent pies and tarts, and may in 
fact be applied to all those uses for which dried 
apples, or boiled cider are employed, and is 
much superior. Besides this, by the addition of 
six times its bulk of water, (the quantity origi¬ 
nally withdrawn,) we may have sweet cider 
again, which will undergo fermentation, as it 
would have done at first, but more slowly, and 
like other cider go through all the changes, until 
it ultimately becomes hard cider. This apple 
jelly is not affected by exposure to the air, 
whether dry or moist, and neither sours, nor 
molds, nor dries, nor absorbs water. Such an 
article of course bears transportation in barrels 
or other vessels to any part of the world. 
Here then we have a new article of commerce 
for which there must doubtless be a growing 
demand, and between the steam cider mills and 
the Borden’s patent condensing process there 
should be few apples wasted, if proper enter¬ 
prise is shown in putting up mills and factories. 
The subject is commended as promising to pay 
well to men of enterprise in the various fruit 
growing sections of the country.—This condens¬ 
ed apple juice sells at 80 cents per pound this 
year. The cider making and condensing com¬ 
mence as soon as apples ripen, and continue 
into the winter. Mr. Borden’s establishment 
worked up more than 18,000 bushels of apples 
last autumn. Sweet apples yield a delicious 
fruity syrup, better for some purposes than the 
sour apple jelly. 
Peruvian Cotton. —Late accounts from 
Peru state that great attention is being paid to 
the culture of cotton in that country, and the 
yield bids fair to be large, and one that can be 
greatly increased from year to year. There was 
exported through the Peruvian ports of the Pa¬ 
cific, last year, 1,680,000 pounds, and of the last 
crop it is estimated that over 4,000,000 pounds 
will be exported, which amount is expected to 
be doubled the present year. It is predicted 
that the crop of 1864 that will reach Europe, will 
amount at least to 6,000,000 lbs. Small quan¬ 
tities are finding their way down the river Ama¬ 
zon ; but freight by this route is yet too high 
to allow the exportation of large quantities. 
-«. <-— e w- i ■ - 
To Wagon Makers—A Family Carriage 
Wanted. 
A subscriber writes: “Believing that there 
are many others situated like myself, please 
allow me to state my case through the widely 
circulated American Agriculturist , hoping there¬ 
by to meet the eye of some wagon or carriage 
maker, who can supply the desideratum. I'keep 
only one ‘ family horse,’ a strong one, yet I 
often desire to go to church (2 miles) and else¬ 
where, with wife and four children, requiring 
three double seats, or two wide ones. In 
stormy weather we need curtains down, and a 
glass door or lookout at the sides. The com¬ 
mon rockaway, or carry-all answers, but it is 
too high to get into by small children, and 
especially by a feeble woman, while the box 
prevents the fore wheels turning short. A de¬ 
sirable vehicle would be one at a moderate, or 
not large price, built after the hack style, with 
low middle , the fore wheels turning under, and 
the door opening down to the step; the sides 
high enough clear to the dashboard to keep mud 
from flying in, and a small child on the front 
seat from falling out; the back two seats to be 
far enough apart to allow ladies to sit facing 
each other with room enough for their crinoline ; a 
movable hood in front, and a rain cloth rolled 
upon the dash board. I fear the difficulty will 
be to get in all these requisites without making 
the carriage body so long as to appear too large 
and clumsy for one horse, even if it be light 
enough to be drawn by one. I have not seen a 
family carriage of this kind. Can one be built ?” 
[We have looked in vain through some of the 
largest carriage establishments of this city to 
find a vehicle answering the above description 
in full. Perhaps some of our carriage-making 
readers can contrive one; or perhaps friend E. 
M. Stratton, Ed. of “ Coach Makers’ Magazine” 
at 82 East 14th Street of this city, can help in 
the matter.—E d.] 
Convention of Plow-Makers. 
The manufacturers of plows in Illinois re¬ 
cently met in convention at Chicago to consider 
the propriety of uniformly advancing their 
scales of prices. A large number of firms 
from different parts of the State were represent¬ 
ed. It was stated that since October last, iron 
had advanced 1 cent and steel li cents per 
pound, and other materials at about the same 
rate; and that it costs $1 more each to make 
the plows most used, than was required four 
months since. The following changes were un¬ 
animously agreed upon. Plows heretofore sold 
at from $11 to $16, to be advanced $1.50; those 
under or over the above prices, to be propor¬ 
tionately advanced as near as may be by the 
judgment of the makers. Single shovel plows 
to be $6; double shovel $7; treble shovel $7.50. 
For rolling coulters with clasp, 14 inch, $6; 12 
inch, $5. For patent cultivators, $45. The dis¬ 
count to the trade from the list of wholesale 
prices, was fixed at 20 per cent. A committee 
was appointed to classify the various styles of 
plows, with a view to establish uniform descrip 
tions and numbers. Provision was made for 
further rise in price by resolving to add 50 cents 
per plow for an advance in iron not exceeding 
h cent per pound, and $1 per plow, if the in¬ 
crease in iron be more than that figure. It was 
also resolved to form a permanent organization 
to be called the “Plow Makers’ Society” to hold 
meetings at least once a year, the next gathering 
to be at Chicago, June 29th, 1864. 
Such an association may be made of great 
value both to those engaged in it, and to pur¬ 
chasers of their wares. The discussion of top¬ 
ics connected with their business, such as the 
best forms of plows, and other implements, ar¬ 
rangements for facilitating purchases and similar 
matters will always be of general interest. 
It may be thought by some that this combin¬ 
ation looks to monopoly, and from the experi¬ 
ence of the public with such associations of 
manufacturers, the apprehension is not without 
grounds. We trust however that wiser counsels 
will prevail both for the sake of the purchasers 
and the makers. Although combinations may 
for a time control the market, in the end they 
provoke ruinous competition, during which the 
public gets back their due; though the individu¬ 
als wronged at first may not receive the benefit. 
Ohio Wool Growers’ Convention. 
A meeting of the Wool Growers of Ohio, was 
in progress just as our last number was going to 
press. Col. Needham of Vermont, and Hon. 
H. S. Randall of New-York, gave addresses. 
The following resolutions were adopted: 
Resolved , That we petition the Congress of the 
United States to so amend the Internal Reve¬ 
nue laws as to impose a tax upon dogs, with a 
view of protecting sheep from them. 
Resolved , That washing is in itself injurious to 
the sheep, is of no advantage to the wool, and 
is only made necessary by the present custom of 
wool buyers, and it is highly desirable that a 
reformation be effected. 
Resolved, That the existing tariff on foreign 
wool is inadequate to the protection of Ameri¬ 
can wool growers, who should be placed upon 
the same footing as American Manufacturers. 
Resolved, That a committee of three be ap¬ 
pointed to prepare a bill to be submitted to the 
Legislature for promoting the interests of woo] 
growers and for protection against dogs, and 
that said committee memorialize the General 
Assembly in favor of passing said bill. 
The following gentlemen were elected offi¬ 
cers of the Association: President —R. M. Mont¬ 
gomery, Youngstown, Mahoming Co.; Vice 
President —John Gurney, Alexandria, Licking 
Co.; Secretary —J. Park Alexander, Akron, 
Summit Co.; Ti-easurer —S. D. Harris, Cleve¬ 
land. Directors —S. S. Matthews, Outville, Lick¬ 
ing Co.; E. Messenger, Marion, Marion Co., 
and John Sears, Litchfield, Medina Co. 
Kansas Agricultural College. — This 
young State is laying a good foundation for fu¬ 
ture prosperity. The 90,000 acres received by 
act of Congress for establishing an Agricultural 
College, have been bestowed upon what was 
previously known as Bluemont College. This 
institution was formerly under the patronage of 
the Methodist Church, but last winter was given 
to the State, and the Legislature made it the 
State Agricultural College. It is situated in the 
town of Manhattan, near the junction of the 
Kansas and Big Blue rivers, and on the line of 
the great Pacific Railroad. 
