1864. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
Q83 
recover if shaded, and will flower for some months. 
Dahlias .—See that all are correctly labeled, while 
the flowers will allow them to be identified. After 
frosts kill the tops, allow the roots to remain a 
week or so in the ground to ripen. Take up on a 
dry day; keep in a dry cellar the same as potatoes. 
Frames and Fits, should be made ready. See page 
286. Set the plants in them when night frosts 
come, and cover; keep sash off every warm day. 
■Fuchsias .—Pot on the approach, of frost, and 
•keep over winter in a cool, dry cellar. 
Gladiolus —Take up before the ground freezes, 
and preserve in the cellar the same as dahlias. 
Hedges .—The lower shoots of deciduous hedges 
may now be shortened and the whole put into shape. 
Lantanas , if lifted and put in a box or large pot, 
will do well through winter in a cellar. Trained 
to a bush form they improve in beauty each year. 
Lawns .—New ones may be made. Grade, trench, 
or subsoil, and manure the plot. Sow clean seed 
early and roll and repeat the rolling before cold 
weather. Blue grass makes a lasting, uniform sod. 
Perennials .—Take up, divide, and reset Dicentra, 
Poeonies, Phloxes, Clematis, Hollyhocks, etc. 
Finks and Carnations .—Pot rooted layers and 
winter in pits or cold frames^or in dry, cool cellar. 
Seeds .—Save from best plants as fast as they ripen. 
Shrubs. —All the hardy deciduous shrubs may be 
transplanted. Those native kinds which it is de¬ 
sired to remove to the grounds may be attended to 
this month. Mark them before the leaves fall. 
Slocks and Wall Flowers— Pot and remove to 
the pit or green-house before freezing weather. 
Cold Grapery. 
The only thing to be done is to favor the ripen¬ 
ing of the wood. For this purpose the tempera¬ 
ture may be slightly increased by closing the lower 
ventilators and admitting air only through the up¬ 
per ones. Leave every leaf on the vine until it 
drops of’its own ripeness. Close the house entire¬ 
ly where there is any danger of chilling frost. 
Green and Hot-Houses. 
The houses should have been in readiness last 
month. Remove tender things in-doors in good 
season, and let Azaleas, Camellias, and hardier 
plants be out until there is danger from frosts. In 
removing plants to the house, the pots will need 
cleansing, and all moss and weeds to be removed 
from the surface. It is a good plan to remove the old 
soil from the surface and replace it with fresh. The 
tropical collection will need some fire-heat. The 
general directions of last month apply to this. 
Annuals may still be sown for winter blooming. 
A stock of Mignonette is always useful; more 
showy plants make the house brilliant in winter. 
Insects .—See that the plants are clean from these 
when they are brought in, and keep vermin down. 
Ventilation .—Air well, but avoid sudden changes. 
Water .—Syringe freely ; keep atmosphere humid. 
Apiary in October. 
Prepared, by M. Quinby—By Request. 
Reports from different sections of our country, 
show a greater disparity in the honey yield than 
usual, this season. But few swarms have issued in 
any place. In some localities the bees have stored 
surplus honey in abundance, while in others they 
have too little food for winter. Too little honey, 
or too much, are both unfavorable conditions. 
The bees should have room to pack themselves in 
the empty cells, or they will suffer with cold in 
consequence. If too little honey is stored, they 
starve if not fed. The food given them is often 
not as well adapted to their wants as that collect¬ 
ed from the flowers, and the chances of losing them 
in winter are increased; yet, with good attention, 
most of them may be kept. If it is desirable to 
keep such light colonies, they should be put in the 
best possible condition this month by feeding, that 
the honey may be sealed up before cold weather. 
They will add nothing more to their stores now, 
except in localities where few are kept, and the 
Golden Rod and the Wild Aster abound. It is mis¬ 
taken kindness, and false economy that decide 
never to kill bees however unfavorable their con¬ 
dition for wintering. Some colonies can not be 
wintered, and it is mercy to take life at once, rath¬ 
er than allow them to starve by degrees. Keep all 
the colonies that can be made profitable another 
year. Decide which are to be wintered. Feed the 
light ones to the required weight, not by weighing 
what is given them, but by ascertaining how much 
the hive has gained—robbing bees may carry it off 
as fast as it is fed. Feed at night, and as fast as 
they will take it up. Such as have too little comb 
to hold the stores (less than 1,200 cubic inches 
spare filled,) should be taken up, and the hive, with 
contents, after the bees are removed, be set away 
for anotheryear. West Indiahoney, or that strained 
from hives that have contained diseased brood, 
will do for feed, if scalded (boiled) and well skim¬ 
med. A queenless colony may have a colony of 
bees introduced, if it have sufficient stores, and is 
not injured by the moth. A colony working with¬ 
out a queen will store treble the usual quantity of 
bee-bread, and should weigh several pounds (8 or 
10) more, to be safe for winter, than if it had had a 
queen. Send the surplus honey to market now. 
Turn the honey boxes bottom up, and pack in 
large cases that can be easily carried. Secure care¬ 
ful handling lest the combs be broken. In locali¬ 
ties where foul-brood exists,the greatest care should 
be taken to remove it all. A colony thoroughly in¬ 
fected can not be cured ; it-will not swarm, is fre¬ 
quently lost in winter, will often become weak in 
summer, get robbed, and the disease will thus 
spread through other hives. The most profitable 
for owner, neighbors, and all concerned, is to break 
up all such hives, and save the honey and wax. A 
hive well filled with honey, having the brood dis¬ 
eased, must be taken now or all will be lost. Col¬ 
onies that continue rearing brood later than usual, 
are often affected. Examine the old stocks as for 
queenless colonies, with the point of a knife re¬ 
moving the sealing of some of the cells of the brood 
combs that appear the oldest. Should the young 
bee while in the larva state, be dark colored, it is 
dead, and a few such should condemn the hive. 
Prevention in this matter, is better than cure. 
When all disease is removed, there is no risk of its 
spreading to others through the apiary. Colonies 
for winter should be strong bees at this time, ex¬ 
tending through all the combs, but there is no ad¬ 
vantage in having an unnatural number in one 
hive, as might occur if three or four strong colo¬ 
nies were united ; but two or three weak ones may 
be put together advantageously. They seldom quar¬ 
rel if smoked thoroughly with tobacco or puff-ball. 
Commercial Notes.—Valuable Tables. 
In the next column we present a series of Tables pre¬ 
pared expressly for the American Agriculturist, which 
give, in a very condensed and convenient form for study 
and reference, the various transactions in Breadstuff's, not 
only during the past month but for a series of years past. 
The figures are compiled from an immense number of 
records, partly from official sources and partly gathered 
by ourselves. These figures are believed to be thorough¬ 
ly reliable, no labor or care having been spared to make 
them so. The tables tell their own story so plainly that 
there is little necessity for explanatory remarks.—It will 
be seen by Table 3 that the exports have fallen materi¬ 
ally below those of the previous year—corn very greatly 
so. Flour has nearly equalled the average of 18 years, 
(Table 4) ; Wheat is double the average, while Corn 
sinks almost below comparison. The Tables present 
many other points of obvious contrasts- During the 
past four weeks, the Breadstuff Markets have been very 
unsteady and unsatisfactory, owing to the violent fluc¬ 
tuations in gold, and we have no means of judging, even 
as to the immediate future. When gold falls, the value of 
Breadstuffs for export is decreased, and the whole mark¬ 
et depressed. If, through military success or other 
causes, gold continues to decline, all exportable articles 
must necessarily fall, though the prices of Breadstuffs 
have not yet gone down as much as gold. The large deal¬ 
ers are holding back for high prices again; they are car¬ 
rying their stock with borrowed funds, and a permanent 
decline would crush many large operators both here and 
at the West ...Provisions have been affected by the 
same causes as Breadstuffs, but not to the same extent, 
and the speculators have maintained their firm rales re¬ 
markably well . Wool opened pretty briskly at ad¬ 
vancing prices, but the fall in gold has recently brought 
business to a stand, and quotations are now altogether 
nominal_ Cotton, Seeds, Hay, Hops, and Tobacco, 
opened buoyantly, with good inquiry, but closed heavily. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, made 
up to Sept. 15, show the transactions the past month. 
1. TRANSACTIONS AT THE NRW-YORK MARKET8. 
Receipts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
25 days Wiism’th S19.500 1,213,000 1,329,000 2,000 51.000 1,354.000 
24 days last m’ til 396,500 2,309,000 1,318,000 11,500 31,000 757,000 
Sales. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. 
25 days this month, 457.500 1,670,000 1,'121.000 5,100 1,600 
24 days last month, 467,000 3,172,000 1,584,000 - - 
2. Comparison with same time last year. 
receipts. Flour. Wheal. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. 
25 days 1864 .349.500 1,213,000 1.329.000 2.000 51.000 1,354,000 
25 days 1863.335,000 1,731,000 2,019,000 48,250 62,000 491,000 
Sales. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley 
25 days 1864 . 457,500 1,676,000 1,421.000 5,100 1,600 
25 days 1863 . 397,000 2,675,000 2,513,000 • 64,500 7,000 
3. Exports from New-York Jan. 1. to Sept. 15. 
Flour, Wheat, Corn, Rye, Oats, 
bbls. bus. bus. bus. bus. 
1864. 1.553,382 10,998,797 709,293 453 31,185 
1863. 1,832,899 11,700,100 7,292,261 409,157 116,097 
1862.2,254,501 15,393,811 8,640,113 1,031,646 66,537 
4. Exports of Breadstuff's from the United States to 
Great Britain and Ireland, each of 18 years, ending Sep. 1; 
Flour, bbls. Wheat, bush. Corn, bush 
1864. 
1863. 
1862. 
1861. 
1S60. 
1S59. 
1S58. 
1857. 
1856. 
1855. 
1854. 
1853. 
1852. 
1851. 
1850. 
1849. 
1848. 
1847. 
Grand total for 18 years.24,225,646 
Annual Average.h345,869 
5, Exports from the United States to the Continent 
of Europe for ten years, each ending Sept. 1. 
Flour, bbls. Wheat, bush. Corn, bush 
1862. 
1861 . 
1860. 
1859. 
1858. 
1867. 
1856. 
1835. 
Total for 10 yrs.2,726,187 
Annual Average.272,614 
2,343,314 
8,617,412 
3,452,496 
178,031 
57,845 
890.428 
2.s;:i. 
2,610,079 
_ 4.972 
20,864,109 
2,086,411 
13,369 
68,957 
822,074 
101,145 
19,358 
25,519 
16,848 
543,590 
282.083 
308,428 
1,701,371 
170,137 
Rye, bush. 
13,965 
435,205 
1,612,926 
347,258 
None. 
- None. 
13,100 
216,162 
1,975,178 
_3 5,569 
4,649,363 
464,936 
G. Receipts of Breadstuffs at the head of tide water at 
Albany, by the Erie and ouier New-York Canals, from 
the Commencement of Navigation, May lit, to and includ¬ 
ing Sept. 9th, in the years indicated. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats 
1861.. ..661.100 13,340,000 11,133,000 448,000 206,000 3,115,800 
1862.. ..886.206 16,282,800 11.721,500 531,200 881,100 2,509,400 
1863.. . .743,100 10.935,000 13.350,700 264,000 79,800 5,157,500 
1864.. ..556.200 9,933,300 5,537,200 80,900 166,100 4,979,200 
The following table gives the wholesale prices at the 
two dates of going to press, but each day almost, exten¬ 
sive-fluctuations in these prices are experienced. 
Current Wholesale Prices. 
Aug. 15. Sept. 15. 
Flour—S uper to Extra State $9 10 @10 50 $9 35 @10 35 
Soper, to Extra Southern .... 10 45 @14 50 11 00 @15 50 
Extra Western. 0 65 @13 00 9 35 @12 50 
Extra Genesee. 10 00 @12 50 10 40 @12 00 
Superfine Western.. 9 10 @ 9 50 9 35 @ 9 35 
Rye Flour. 8 50 @11 50 8 00 @ 9 50 
Corn Meai. 7 90 ® 8 50 8 00 @ 8 50 
Wheat—A ll kinds of White . 2 95 @2 70 2 35 @ 2 55 
All kinds of Red. 2 15 @ 2 53 2 05 @ 2 35 
Corn—Y ellow. 1 54 @ 1 55 1 63 @ 1 65 
Mixed...... 151 @ 1 52 1 62*@ 1 63 
Oats—W estern. 9? @ 99 88 @ 90 
Stato. 97 @ 98 88 @ ' 89 
Rye. 1 95 @ 2 00 1 60 @ 1 05 
Bari.ky .. Nominal. Nominal. 
Cotton— Middlings, per lb.... 172 @1 73 1 78 @180 
Hops, crop of 1803, per lb. 18 @ 33 18 ffl 38 
Feathers. Live Geese, p. lb.. Nominal. Nominal. 
Seed—C lover, per lb. Nominal. Nominal. 
Timothy, per bushel. Nominal. Nominal. 
Flax, per bushel. Nomiual. Nominal. 
Sugar—B rown, per lb. 18*@ 24 19 @ 24 X 
MOLASSRS.New-Orleans, p.gl.. 1 00 @ 1 20 1 65 @ 1 25 
CorrRK. Rio, per lb. 47 @ 50 47 @ 51 
Tobacco—K entucky,&c,p.lb„ 14 @ 36 14 @ S8 
Seed Leaf, per lb. 25 @ 65 25 @ 65 
Wool—D omestic fleece, p. lb.. 90 & 1 15 1 00 @ 1 18 
Domestic, pulled, per lb. 80 @ 1 10 85 @ 1 12* 
California, unwashed.. 30 @ 65 30 @‘ 75 
Tallow, per lb..... 19 @ 19* 18*@ 19 
Oil Cake, per tun. 70 00 @ 77 50 90 00 @105 00 
Pork—M ess, per bbl. .39 00 @39 50 42 62*@43 00 
Prime, per bbl. 34 00 @34 5ff 38 50 @39 50 
Beef—P lain me6s. 17 00 @21 00 16 00 @19 00 
Lard, in bbls., per lb . 21*@ 22* 23*@ 24* 
Butter—W estern, per lb. 38 @ 46 40 @ 48 
State, per lb.. 40 @ 50 4S @ 56 
Cheese.. ... 18 @ 26 19 @ 27* 
Beans— per bushel. Nominal. 2 50 @2 90 
Peas—C anada, per Bushel... 190 @ 2 00 2 00 @2 10 
Eggs—F resh, per dozen. 22 @ 25 27 @ 29 
Poultry—F owls, per lb. 18 @ 20 16 @ IS 
Turkeys, per lb. 20 @ 21 22 @ 23 
Spring Chickens, per pair.... 75 @ 1 00 50 @ 1 00 
Potatoes—M ercers, p. bbl.... 5 50 @600 500 @6 00 
Peach Blow, per bbl. 5 00 @ 5 50 5 00 @5 50 
Dykemans, per bbl . 5 00 @ 5 50 5 00 @5 50 
Apples—W estern, per bbl... 8 00 @ 4 00 3 00 @400 
Apples—Fall Pippins, per bbl 3 50 @ 4 50 2 00 @ 8 50 
Apples-Common per bbl_ 1 00 @ 2 50 • 1 50 @ 2 00 
Peaches—D elaware, perbskt 1 25 & 1 50 75 @ 2 00 
Peaches—Jersey, per basket.. 1 25 @ 2 00 75 @ 1 50 
