1864.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
287^ 
bages sown in September or October, are planted out in 
a cold frame when about two inches high and treated in 
the same manner.-A Pit is prepared by excavating 
the earth to a depth of from two to six feet, according to 
the size of the plants; a frame of stout plank is then 
built up within this. The pit should be of a width and 
length to accommodate several ordinary hot-bed sashes. 
The planking should be about a foot higher on the rear 
side than on the front, in order to give the sash the prop¬ 
er slope. The edges of the plank frame are to be bev¬ 
elled in order to make a close joint, and all the arrange¬ 
ments for supporting the sash the same as in an ordinary 
hot-bed. It will be found much cheaper in the end to 
make a permanent structure by walling up the pit with 
stone or brick, upon which a frame of joist to receive 
the sash is laid in mortar. The portion of the lining 
•above ground, whether of plank, stone, or brick is to be 
nicely banked up with earth, and it is better to turf it to 
prevent washing. If the pit is not in a very dry sandy 
spot, provision must be made for drainage. The bottom 
of the pit may be covered with sawdust, tanbark, or 
even coal ashes, in which to immerse the pots. Roses, 
camellias, the more hardy fuchsias, cauliflowers in pots, 
and many other plants may be kept through the winter 
in a pit of this kind, observing the precautions regarding 
air, light and protection mentioned above. Mice are 
often troublesome and must be trapped or poisoned. 
E>ried Pumpkins and Sqnaslics.- 
An old-fashioned but not a bad way to dry these fruits is 
to remove the rind, then cut them in cross-slices of about 
half an inch thick,forming rings, and suspend them in 
warm, dry places near the fire ; or running a pole of suita¬ 
ble length through many of them, to place them in a mod¬ 
erately hot oven, after the bread is removed. The heat 
should be not enough to cook, but only to dry them. 
Tine Crops over tlie Wliole Country. 
—Taking a general view of crops of grain, grass, roots, 
fruits, dairy products, and purely commercial crops, this 
year bids fair to prove one of great prosperity to the hus¬ 
bandman. There is no old corn at the West; the new 
crop, on the whole,’ large but backward in some sections. 
Sorghum promises a fine yield so far as we have intelli¬ 
gence. The tobacco crop is reported not quite so large 
as common. The amount of flax raised is large, and the 
stock of beans and peas much increased over former 
years. The potato crop has-not been much affected by 
the rot, and there is a full supply. Other roots promise 
well. Frosts hold off generally up to the time we go to 
press. Eastern markets have never been better supplied 
with orchard fruits, especially peaches and plums. Win¬ 
ter apples, however, appear much earlier than common 
in market, in such numbers, that we may confidently ex¬ 
pect there will be a scarcity before the close of Winter. 
Hew England Agricultural Society Fair. 
Owing to several circumstances, we have been disap¬ 
pointed in not being able to personally visit many of the 
fairs. The more important have been very successful 
and well attended. The first fair of the New England 
Agricultural Society drew together, at Springfield, Mass., 
a great concourse of people, among them many of the 
best farmers of New England and other States. The 
show, on the whole, was fine ; but the cattle men and 
real farmers were slighted, and crowded one side by the 
horse-show; trotting horses “ won the money,” and ab¬ 
sorbed the interest of the crowd of spectators. Short¬ 
horns, Devons and Ayrshires were well represented, 
but the Alderneys made an inferior show. Swine, 
very meagre. There were, however, fine representations 
from some of the best Eastern flocks of fine wool, and 
other sheep. We are constrained to say that such a body 
as the New England Agricultural Society should not by 
the offer of premiums, and by all other means, secure the 
presence of horses noted for speed, in order to attract a 
crowd and fill its treasury. The tiling is foreign to the 
interests of the farmer—in fact our stock of horses has 
been deteriorated by this trotting business, to say nothing 
of the morals of our sons. 
Constitution of a Farmers’ Club. 
Art. I. The name and title of this association shall be 
“The Schaghticoke Farmers’ Club,” (do not call it “Union 
Agricultural Society,”), and its objects are to disseminate 
a knowledge of good farming among its members, to af¬ 
ford a means of distributing seeds, grafts, cuttings, and 
the likq, to collect statistics of agricultural matters, to 
discuss all topics affecting the prosperity of its members 
as farmers, viz., markets, crops, agricultural laws, etc. 
Art. II. All inhabitants of the village of Schaghticoke, 
or vicinity, may be members of the Club, by attending 
its meetings, but only those contributing $1 or more 
yearly, shall have a voice in using or disposing of the 
property or funds of the Club, directly or indirectly. 
Art. III. The officers of the Club shall be a Chair¬ 
man and Vice-Chairman, selected at each meeting for 
the next. A Secretary (who may also be the Treasurer,) 
shall be elected not oftener than at every fourth meet¬ 
ing, and shall serve till another is appointed. The 
Secretary shall in addition to the ordinary duties of such 
an officer, be the responsible business man of the Club, 
having charge of the funds or other property of the 
Club, and reporting regularly, at least annually or at the 
close of his term of office. 
Art. IV. The Framers and Signers of this Constitu¬ 
tion may by a two-thirds vote, add to their own number 
such persons as they may elect, and two-thirds of these 
if present at any meeting, may also by a two-thirds vote, 
alter or add to this Constitution, or frame by-laws, etc. 
The American. Pomological Society. 
The Biennial Session of this Society commenced at 
Rochester, N. Y., Sept. 13. One of our Associates who 
is present, writes: “The attendance is quite large, 
there being delegates from nearly every loyal State. 
Doct. J. A. Warder, of Ohio, Vice-President, occu¬ 
pies the chair—the President, Col. Wilder, of Boston, 
being prevented from attending. He is re-elected 
President, with a large number of Vice-Presidents, and 
James Vick, Rochester, N. Y., Secretary. Among well- 
known pomologists present, we notice Warder, Bateham, 
Campbell, and Beeler, of Ohio.; Edw r ards, and Muir, of 
Mo.; Knox, and Dreer, of Pa.: Sanders, of D. C. ; 
Hovey, of Mass.; Downing, Carpenter, Field, Mead, 
and others, of Eastern N. Y., and many from Rochester, 
and Western N. Y. The discussions thus far have been 
mainly confined to grapes, and have shown an earnest¬ 
ness to get at facts, with little of the loose talk that 
too often characterizes such meetings. There is a good 
show of fruit, but it is mainly from the extensive Nur¬ 
series around Rochester. The display <*f grapes is in¬ 
teresting, as there are specimens of many sorts not gen¬ 
erally cultivated. The grape show, as a whole, is in¬ 
ferior to that held at the Office of the American Agricul¬ 
turist Jast year, and there were on the Tables at our 
Office, when I left, far better specimens of Delaware and 
Concord, than are shown here. My notes on the grapes 
and other fruits can not reach you in time for the October 
number.” The next Biennial Meeting (1860) is appointed 
for St. Louis, Mo. 
Agricultural Exhibitions in October. 
New Brunswick. Frederickton, Oct. 4—7. 
Maine. York Co., John Hansome, Sec.,at Saco and 
Biddeford, 11—13. 
New Hampshire. Merrimac River Association, 
V. C. Gilman, Prest., Nashua, 5—6. 
Vermont. Connecticut Valley, Bradford, 4—6. 
Massachusetts. Bristol Co., Taunton, 4; Berk¬ 
shire Co., Pittsfield, 4; Hampden Co., Springfield, 4; 
Barnstable Co., Barnstable, 4—5 ; Hampshire, Frank¬ 
lin and Hampden Cos., Northampton, 6 ; Worcester Co. 
South, Sturbridge, 6 ; Plymouth, L. Keith, Sec., Bridge- 
water, 6—7; Hampden Co. East, Palmer, 11: Hampshire, 
Amherst, 13; Martha’s Vineyard, West Tisbury, 18. 
Rhode Island Horticultural Society Grape Show, 
C. F. Phillips, Commiltee, Providence ; time ? 
Connecticut. Greenwoods. Winsted, 5—6; Mid¬ 
dlesex, Middletown, 5—6. 
New York. Chautauqua Co., Fredonia, 4—6; 
Lewis Co., Turin, 4—6 ; Otsego Co., H. H. Hooker, Sec.,’ 
Cooperstown, 5—6 ; Queens Co., Jamaica, 5—6 ; Dryden, 
at Dryden, 5—7 ; S. Snyder. Sec., half proceeds to San. 
and Chris. Commissions ; Wilson, Porter and Newfane, 
at Wilson, Niagara Co., 6—7 ; Orange Co., Goshen, 4—6 ; 
Westchester Co., White Plains, 11—12; Tompkins Co., 
Ithaca, 11—12; Brockport Union, Brockport, Oct. 19. 
New Jersey. Burlington, Mount Holly, 4—5; War¬ 
ren County, Belvidere, 4—7 ; Egg Harbor City, 6—7. 
Pennsylvania. Luzerne Co., Wyoming, 5—7; 
Crawford Co., E. L. Litchfield, Sec., Conneautville, 5—7; 
Susquehanna Co., Harford, 4—6 ; Indiana Co., Indiana, 
4—6 ; Union Ag’l Ass’n, Burgettstown, Wash. Co., 6_7. 
Ohio. Medina Co., Medina, 3—5 ; Butler Co., Ham¬ 
ilton, 4—7; Lorain Co., Elyria, 4—7; Mahoning Co., 
Youngstown, 4—7 ; Morrow Co., Mt. Gilead 5—7 ; Union 
Co., Marysville, 5—7 ; Muskingum Co., Zanesville, 6—9 ; 
Fayette, Washington, 7—9; Richland, Mansfield, 7—9. 
Indiana. Laporte Co., Laporte, 13—14. 
Illinois. Stephenson Co., Freepprt, 4—'7; Washing¬ 
ton Co., Nashville, 5—7; DeWitt Co., Clinton, 5—8; Ver¬ 
million, Catlin, 11—14; Morgan, Jacksonville, 12—14 ; 
Henry Co., Canotyjcjge, 4—7 ; J. Calvin Edwards, Sec. 
Miehijsan. Kalamazoo Co., Frank Little, Sec., 
Kalftrqi^qo 6—8; Clinton Co., 5, and Johns, 6—7; 
Wisconsin. Vernon Co., Viroqun, Wm. S. Pur¬ 
dy, Secretary, 4—6; Iowa County, Dodgeville, 12—14. 
Kansas, Bourbon County, at Fort Scott, 15—16. 
Canada. North Ontario, E. D., Prince Albert, 11. 
Exhibition I’a.Mcs at the 4>IIiec of 
the American Agricnltnrisit. 
The following articles have been placed on our tables 
for exhibition since our last report: 
Fruits .—Apples : Siberian Crab ; Mr. Kissam, Jersey 
City, N. J ... Summer Harvest and Summer Queen ; Dr. 
I. M. Ward, Newark, N. J....Suffolk Beauty ; II. A. & 
E. L. Brown, Deer Park, L. I....Summer Porter; E. 
Williams, Mont Clair, N. J’.... Kelsey, Golden Pippin, 
Fall Pippin, Gravenstein, and Waxen; P. H. Ashton, 
Middletown, Conn... .Maiden’s Blush and Summer Pip¬ 
pin; E. F. Fowler, South East, N. Y....Fall Pippin, 
fine ; Mr. Jackson, Sing Sing, N. V ....Pears : Duchess 
of Wurtemburg, Doyenne Boussock, Bartlett, William 
the Fourth, and White Doyenne; J. Van Brunt, Fort 
Hamilton, L. I-Ravenswood, original, and on Quince ; 
C. F. Erhard, Ravenswood, N. Y ...French Jargonelle 
and Osband’s Summer; W. S. Carpenter, Rye. N. Y_ 
Osband’s Summer, J. Van Brunt, Fort Hamilton, 
N. Y. Grapes: Concord; William King, Perlh 
Amboy, N. J.. Logan and Hartford Prolific ; Dr. 
Hollick, Staten Island, N. Y_Alien’s Hybrid, and 
Iona; Dr. C. W. Grant, Peekskill. N. Y.Con¬ 
cord, and Delaware, fine; James Keeley, Paranus, 
N. J....Seedlings; F. W. Louden , T. Briggs, Schaghti- 
coke, N. Y.; Wm. Underhill. Charlton, N. Y_Hartford 
Prolific, and Concord ; P. H. Ashton, Middletown, Conn. 
Delaware and Concord, finest; Van Wyck& Johnston ; 
Fishkill, N. Y-Grape blossoms and small fruit, sec¬ 
ond growth ; A. W. M. Hume, Alanhattanville, N. Y_ 
Other Fruits: Bolmar’s Washington Plums; Samuel 
Cooper, Tompkinsville, N. Y....Cut-Leaved Blackber¬ 
ries, fine ; John Cole, Tompkinsville, N. Y... Newing¬ 
ton Nectarine tree, in pot, on almond stock, in full bear¬ 
ing ; Lewis Schmidt, gardener to James Brown, Clifton, 
N. Y-Figs, very fine ; Henry Miller, East New York 
... New Rochelle Blackberries; Geo. Warner, Bioom- 
"ingdale, N. Y., John Cole, Tompkinsville, N. Y., and 
C. S. Pell, N. Y. Orphan Asylum.Wild Black¬ 
berries; W. R. Field, Mount Hope, N. Y_Crown 
Bob Gooseberries; John Hunter, Shark River, N. J. 
Flowers.—B eautiful Bouquets of Grasses, Japan Lil¬ 
ies, Roses, Tuberoses, Balsams, etc.; Miss M. A. Cortel- 
you, Westfield, N. Y., to whom our tables are indebted 
for many embellishments during the whole season.... 
Japan Lilies, Carnations, Dahlias, and Tuberoses ; C. S. 
Pell, N. Y. Orphan Asylum_French Asters, fine; G. 
Craft, N. Y. City ... Night-blooming Cereus, Lemon Ver¬ 
benas, and Rose Geraniums ; Mr. Cummings, Westches¬ 
ter Co., N. Y-Gladiolus, and Asters, fine collection ; 
C. II. Lillienthal, Yonkers, N. Y_Double Balsams; 
W. W. Denslow, High Bridge, N. Y—Double Sunflow¬ 
ers ; Mrs. W. B. Young, Middletown, N. J... .Bilbergia 
Leopoldii in bloom ; Dr. Peyton, South Bergen, N. J... 
Dahlias, fine show; C. S. Pell, N. Y. Orphan Asylum.. 
Large Sunflower; E. Dutcher,' Blauveltville, N. Y. 
Orchids, Stanhopea opculata, and S. saccata, and splendid 
Double Zinnias ; Isaac Buchanan, Astoria_Bouquet of 
Cut-flowers ; E. C. Cliateneuf, Williams’ Bridge, N. Y... 
Fine Seedling Phloxes : E. G. Burgess, Jersey City, N. J. 
Vegetables, etc.—F ine Buckeye Potatoes; James 
Holbrow, Walden, N. Y.. Tomatoes ; Louis A. Berte, 
Tremont, N. Y., John Cole, Tompkinsville^N. Y., Deaf 
and Dumb Institute, New-York City, and G. Alt Usher, 
Port Richmond, N. Y_Teasels, fine ; W. J. Townsend, 
Skanealeles, N. Y.Northern Iowa Corn, from Win¬ 
neshiek Co., Iowa_Early Potatoes ; Wm. Cox, West 
Hoboken, N. Y_Red and Yellow Onions ; D. C. Ryder 
Sing Sing, N. Y»... Prairie Seedling Potato ; W. S. Car¬ 
penter, Rye, N. Y-Chinese Sugar Cane ; P. H. Ashton, 
Middletown, Conn-Blue Stem Wheat, very fine, 54 
inches high; David Young, Oyster Bay, N. Y_Chess 
{Bromus Secalinus); Wm. Lalor, Geneva, N. V. ..Ca¬ 
nadian Winter Barley, 56 heads, 1,500 kernels, from one 
seed; W. H. Lester, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y_Winter 
Wheat from California Seed ; James Thompson, Bask¬ 
ing Ridge, N. J — Potatoes, Early Cottage, Shaw, Sa¬ 
maritan, Buckeye and Algiers; W. S. Carpenter, Rye, 
N. Y-Large Purple Egg Plant; W. P. Robinson, 
English Neighborhood, N. J-Fejee Tomatoes; Mr. 
Sussdorf; Woodside, N. Y. 
Miscellaneous.—R ebel Shell and Solid Shot which 
struck near Mr. O. Judd, before Petersburg, Va_Toma¬ 
to Worms covered with cocoons of Ichneumon fly ; Nest 
of young Robins, one perfectly while ; C. S. Haley, New¬ 
market, N. J — Tarantula Spider, very large, from St. 
Domingo, W. I.; T. H. O’Donoghue. New-York City. 
_Hen’s Egg, 3K °z.; George F. Gantz, Tubby Hook, 
N. Y_Bantam Hen’s Egg; John A. Scott, Mt. Vernon, 
N. Y.Shark’s teeth, etc., found in a marl pit, 20 
feet below the surface ; John Hunter, Shark River, N. J. 
