AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
213 
The single Gloucester cheese, which is 
generally made in Berkeley, is 15£ inches in 
diameter, and from 2£ to 2i inches in depth. 
This gives about eight cheeses to the cwt. 
The quality of the double Gloucester is orig¬ 
inally the same, but it is made of double 
thickness, and is usually kept to a greater 
age, which accounts for the higher price at 
which it is sold. The large leaden vessels 
and some of the other utensils in the Berke¬ 
ley dairies are excellent. The cheese-tubs, 
like most of our own, are of wood ; but the 
vats or chessels are much superior to ours. 
They are made of elm, and are turned out 
of a single piece of wood. Their surface is 
remarkably smooth ; and as they are hooped 
with wood there is nothing about them to 
corrode. With ordinary care, therefore, 
they last a long time. The wooden presses, 
though they have a clumsy, and old-fash¬ 
ioned appearance, seem to work well. We 
counted 15 cheeses piled upon each other in 
one of them. They have no advantage over 
good lever presses, and in some respects are 
not so convenient. 
DISEASE OF UDDER AND TEATS IN COWS. 
Case 1. —Obstruction in a Cow's Teat .— 
In 1831 I was called in to attend a cow, the 
property of Mr. Tudman, of Yoking’s Gate 
near this town, that had calved a week ago, 
and had borne two calves before. There 
was an obstruction up one of the teats, and 
the udder was very much distended with 
milk. I merely introduced a knitting needle 
up it for about two inches, and broke down 
two different pieces of coagulum or mem¬ 
brane that crossed it, and the milk could be 
immediately drawn off, and she did well 
without any further trouble. 
Case 2. — Injury to a Cow's Teat. —17th 
September, 1845. Mr. Garratt, timber mer¬ 
chant, of this town, had a cow that had just 
met with an injury to one of her teats, in 
having a little of the end of it cut off slant¬ 
wise. Although we fomented the parts, 
bled her, and repeatedly passed the silver 
milk tube up it, yet she became “ gargeted,” 
and lost her quarter. 
When the teat is injured, we scarcely ever 
do any good. At first the milk becomes ob¬ 
structed in the teat, and by the introduction 
of the tube, the teat, and ultimately the udder 
becomes inflamed. Then scarcely any milk 
flows, and what comes is frequently bloody, 
but soon it entirely ceases. Now only some 
serum can be drawn out, and soon this 
ceases. Next, pus forms, which comes out 
in clots, at others it is tolerably liquid; and 
if it can not be well got out, the udder har¬ 
dens in places, and abscesses form, and now 
the udder is completely destroyed for secret¬ 
ing milk, and she is completely “gargeted.” 
. In April, 1846, the same teat again became 
highly inflamed and swollen, and pus formed 
within it. I inserted caustic lints in its ori¬ 
fice, which was nearly closed up; a slough 
came out, and the pus discharged well. Ab¬ 
scesses afterwards formed in the udder; 
which (the abscesses) ultimately got well, 
but the udder became scirrhous. 
Case 3.— Obstruction in a Cow's Teat .— 
April 17, 1844. Was sent for to attend a 
cow that had calved yesterday ; no milk 
could be got out of the anterior off teat. On 
examining it, I found that about an inch and 
a half up it, there was a thickening for about 
half an inch in length of the lining membrane, 
and no doubt the sides of which were united, 
and the passage was completely obstructed. 
I first passed a probe, and forced it through, 
after which I passed a silver tube up it, and 
then the milk ran freely and relieved the ud¬ 
der. 
On the 18th and 19th, I introduced the 
tube pretty easily, and the milk ran through 
it readily, and I was in hopes that the tumor, 
a “ thunk,” as it is called about here, in the 
passage would become absorbed. Some of 
the milk could be drawn by the hand after 
the tube was removed. 
20th.—I introduced the tube again, but no 
milk came out. The teat was sore, and 
from the orifice a little blood oozed out. To 
be left alone. 
21st.—The teat and udder were much 
sorer, and the orifice was closed up and 
swollen, and a little blood oozed out. With 
some little trouble I again introduced the 
silver probe, and milk passed very fluently. 
I forgot to observe that this cow was bred by 
the owner, and that nothing had ever been 
amiss with her teat before, and she was well 
when she was loosed dry. 
29th.—The milk has been got out very 
well, and the udder is very soft; but, from 
some cause or other, the teat is now a good 
deal diseased, as it is difficult to introduce 
the tube. Pus and serum are now within it. 
The tumor in the teat is as hard as ever, and 
the tube is obliged to be still forced through 
it. I fancy the teat has become inflamed 
from rubbing some Ung. Potas. Iodid. on it 
and the udder, and from another person 
forcing the tube up. This case I left off at¬ 
tending in consequence of other interference; 
abscesses formed, and she lost the quarter. 
Case 4. —Obstruction in a Cow's Teats .— 
13th April, 1844, I was sent for to a cow 
that had been purchased at our fair on the 
11th instant, that had got obstructions in two 
of her teats; she had calved two or three 
days before she was bought; no milk could 
be get out of the hinder teat on the off side, 
or any out of the anterior one on the near 
side; the obstruction was but half way up in 
each teat, and I could not pass even the sil¬ 
ver probe through the off teat. I did so in 
the other, but could not, on account of the 
smallness of the orifice of the teats, intro¬ 
duce the silver tube into either of them. 
Both quarters took good ways, and nothing 
more was done than fomenting, drawing and 
hand-rubbing the teats and udder, which 
became quite soft, and the milk flowed out 
well. 
Case 5.— Obstruction in a Cow's Teat .— 
June 6, 1843. Mr. Green, shoemaker, of 
this town, purchased a cow at our late fair, 
and at the time of purchase, her udder was 
freely distended with milk ; at night she 
was milked, and it was found that from only 
three of the quarters could the milk be en¬ 
tirely drawn off. From the other he could 
only extract about half a tea-cupful, when it 
would cease, but in a short time the lower 
part would be filled again, and in the same 
way only a similar quantity could be ob¬ 
tained. The owner took her again on my 
pronouncing her unsound. 
Observations. —The obstruction in this 
lay at the upper part of the teat, and there 
must have been a stricture there, as there 
was only a small orifice to admit the milk 
through. I could not detect any thickening 
or tumor about the parts. Not near all the 
milk was obtained from the quarter, yet it 
was not coagulated. 
Case 6. —Obstruction at the ends o f a Heif¬ 
er's Teats. —18th March, 1845. I was called 
in to see a two-year-old heifer, belonging to 
Mr. Tomlinson, of the Chinnell. She was 
about a month off calving. At the very end 
of two of the teats there was a substance 
like a smooth wart hanging from them, and 
one was half an inch long, and the other not 
so long. They were closely adherent, and 
closed up the orifices of the teats. __As they 
did not look like the common wart, 1 plucked 
them away. When away, I found they left 
a concavity at the end of each teat, and the 
orifice of each teat was perfectly exposed, 
and the ends and whole of the teats were 
soft and natural. 
The substances removed were similar in 
appearance to masses of gum arabic, and 
were found of concentric layers on each 
other. 
I am inclined to think that they were 
formed from a secretion on the inside or ori¬ 
fice of the teats, and as it oozed out became a 
hardened mass. Ordered the teats to be oc¬ 
casionally well soaked in warm water to 
supple the parts, and to remove any fresh 
deposit. 
Case 7.— Tumor within the end of a Cow's 
Teat. —20th March, 1845.—Saw an aged cow 
of Mr. Groom’s, surgeon of this town, that 
when she was milked, the milk fled out of 
one of the teats'in every direction, and it 
could scarcely be caught in the pail. 
On examining it I found there Avas a small 
tumor, the size of a pea, Avithin the teat at 
the very lower end. The milk Avas forced 
out Avith difficulty, and the person Avas 
almost half an hour in milking her. I am in¬ 
formed the cause Avas that she met with an 
injury to the lower end of the teat, which 
Avas cutoff', and left this tumor. The teat 
certainly has the appearance as if it had been 
cut off, as it is flat at the end. On putting a 
silver tube up it the milk floAved freely. To 
be left alone, and get the milk out as Avell as 
they can. 
Case 8. — Fistulous opening in a Cotv's Teat 
from an Injury. —8th April, 1846.—SaAV this 
day a cow belonging to Mr. Furber, of the 
Warren House. He had bought her of Mr. 
Ray of Prees, and while in Mr. Ray’s pos¬ 
session, she met with an injury to the hinder- 
most teat on the right side, Avhich left an 
opening in it the size of the natural one. It 
is situate about a quarter of an inch from 
the other, and there are evident marks of the 
teat having been torn or cut, as it is cica¬ 
trized over, leaving this small opening 
through which the milk is constantly drip- 
bling. This quarter is less than the other, in 
consequence of running the milk out. 
Treatment. —Touched the orifice with 
Argent. Nit., and left a tube to be introduced 
into the natural opening. 
10th.—There is a slight slough from the 
false orifice. Touched it with a heated knit¬ 
ting needle, and then passed a suture through 
its edges, and closed the opening. Ordered 
the milk to be drawn three or four times a 
day with the tube instead of the hand or 
calf. 
12th.—I Avas informed that the suture had 
given way, and that the milk issued out as 
usual. The owner Avould not go to any more 
expense about it, so I discontinued my visits. 
If I had her at my oavii house I have no 
doubt but what I could have cured it. 
Case 9.— Obstructions at the top of a Cow's 
Teat or in TJdder. —June 1st, 1847. A two- 
year-old heifer of Mr. Bradshaw’s, of High- 
gate, in this town, calved two days ago. No 
milk can be got out of the posterior left 
quarter. On examining the teat, not the 
least obstruction or thickening can be felt in 
it, or at the lOAver part of the udder, other 
than from the ordinary SAvelling after calving. 
I introduced a probe quite up to the udder, 
but no milk came out on Avithdrawing it. 
Ordered to be well fomented and drawn. 
7th.—A person has bought her, but no 
milk has yet beenobtained from this quarter, 
and only a little Avatery discharge can nOAV 
be draAvn out. Quarter not much enlarged. 
She Avas again sold, and I lost sight of her. 
In this case 1 have no doubt but that the 
milk duets were closed up by adhesive in¬ 
flammation. 
Case 10. —Wart at the end of a Heifer's 
Teat. —On the 18th of October, 1849, I was 
called in to attend a two-year-old heifer 
that had calved three or four days before, 
belonging to Mr. Isaac Wragg, of the Feath¬ 
ers Inn, in this tOAvn, that had an obstruction 
in one of her teats. 
It appears that she had a Avart at the end 
