AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
75 
Deciduous Trees and Shrubs—Complete the planting as 
early in the month as possible to work the ground. 
Dwarf Pears—Plant a Je w in the garden, or on fruit 
borders, selecting only approved kinds. 
Evergreens—May be planted during the month, but we 
prefer from the first to the 15th of May in this latitude and 
farther north. The best success we have ever had was 
last year when the work was done alter the middle of 
May. Every tree flourished finely. 
Pigs—Plant, layer and put in cuttings ff. m. 
Fruit Trees of all kinds—Plant as early as the ground 
can be properly prepared. 
Grafting—Complete fif. especially stone fruit. 
Grapes—Plant roots and cuttings, and layer last year's 
growth ff. m. Read article in present number. 
Inarching—Perform on deciduous trees m ; on ever¬ 
greens 11. 
Insects—Search for caterpillars, bores, &c., ff mm. 11. 
Mulch newly planted trees as soon as put out. 
Peaches—Plant f. m. See article on another page. 
Pears—Plant and graft fif. m. 
Planting generally—Perform in orchard and nursery as 
early in the month as possible, except evergreens. 
Plums—Plant f. m. Graft fif. cut out all warty excres¬ 
cences, or better, if the branches on which they appear are 
small, remove them entirely. 
Pruning—Omit entirely during this month. 
Quinces—Plant f. m. for fruit and put in cuttings of 
the Anger’s for stocks on which to work the pear. 
Raspberries—Uncover old and plant new canes ff. m. 1. 
Scions—Cut ff See article page 64. 
Stone Fruit plant and graft early—Say ff m. Put in 
any pits neglected last month. 
Strawberries—Read chapters on, in past and present 
number. 
Vines—Plant and propagate by cuttings and layers ff. m. 
KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDEN. 
The present is a busy month for the gardener. He will 
of course be governed in his operations by his soil, &c. 
As remarked last month, it is not best to be too hasty in 
putting seeds into the ground, unless everything is favor¬ 
able. If the soil is cold, stiff and wet, do nothing but 
drain it in this condition. By no means spade or plow 
clayey soils while in a mortar state, else the rootlets,—if 
the plants succeed in getting through the surface—will 
find brick-bats, instead of finely pulverized soil to serve as 
their future bed. The calendar below is given under the 
supposition that no planting has yet been done except in 
hot bed, although some of the more hardy plants might 
with safety have been put into open ground during the 
closing days of last month. Many of the operations now 
alluded to may be deferred till May, but where the ground 
is in proper condition, and the garden is extensive, it is 
better, in this latitude to do what can be done this month, 
especially if early vegetables are wanted. 
Artichokes—Plant and dress f. m. or 1. 
Asparagus—Uncover beds f. to m. and fork in a good 
dressing. Sow seed and make new beds m. 1. See arti¬ 
cle on page 52, and also in present number. 
Basil—Sow m. 1. Read article page 62. 
Beans—Plant Kidney's and early varieties 11. on warm 
borders. Provide poles for Limas ff. 
Beets—Sow f. m. for early. See another page. Put 
out roots for seed 11. 
Blackberries—Plant New-Rochelle f. m. 1. the earlier 
the better if the soil is warm and dry. 
Borage—Sowf. m. 1. 
Borecole or Kale—Sow f. m. Plant out 11. 
Broccoli—Sow f. m. Prick out 11. 
Cabbage— Sow ff. m. for early. Plant out from cold 
frames and hot beds m. 11. 
Capsicum—Sow 11. on warm dry soil. 
Cardoon and Carraway—Sow m. 1. 
Carrots—Sow m. 1. on trenched or deeply plowed soil. 
Plant roots for seed 11. 
Cauliflower—Sow m. 1. Put out those growing in cold 
frames 11. Hot bed plants may be set in the open ground 
11., covering cold nights with glasses or boxes. See arti¬ 
cle on Forcing. 
Celery—Sow in hot beds ff. Put out for seed and sow 
in open ground 11. 
Chives—Plant f. m. 1. 
Cold Frames—Complete planting from these by 11. 
Cole worts- Sow f. m 1. 
Compost and manures—Collect and prepare for use, 
turning over as necessary. Use freely for summer crops. 
Corn—Plant a little of Darling’s or Stowell’s 11., for 
early use. See article. 
Cress—Sow m. 1. for first crop. 
Cucumbers—Plant in warm situations 11., or under 
hand glasses m. 1. Keep separate from melons and 
squashes, if seed is to be saved. 
Currants and Gooseberries—Plant and put in cuttings 
f. m. 1. 
Economize grounds by planting lettuce, cress, spinage, 
radishes, &c., among other crops 
Egg Plants—Sow in hot beds ff. Plant under hand 
glasses m. 1. 
Forcing—See article on another page, also on hot beds 
in March number. 
Garlic—Plant m. 1. 
Grape Vines—Transplant and fasten to trellises f. m. 
See article in present number. 
Hops—Set out roots f. m. 1. Pole 11. 
Horse Radish—Plant f. m. 1. 
Hot Beds—Make and plant ff, if not already done. 
Read article on page 63. Many of the plants may be put 
out 11. especially if covered during cool nights. 
Leeks—Sow seed f. m. and plant roots for seed. 
Lettuce—Sow f. m. 1.; also plant from hot beds and 
cold frames 11. 
Marjoram—Sow and plant f. m. 
Melons—Plant in warm situations 11. apart from other 
vines. 
Mint—Plant f. m. 1. 
Mustard—Sow f. m. 1, for succession. See article in 
present number. 
Mushroom Beds—Make f. m. 1. See article in this 
number. 
Nasturtiums—Sow m. 11. 
Okra—Sow 11. 
Onions—Sow f. m. and put out sets and others for vari¬ 
eties and for seed. See page 57. 
Parsley—Sow f. m., and leave for seed. See article. 
Parsneps—Sow and leave for seed in. 1. Trench the 
ground and manure heavily. See another page. 
Peas—Sow f. m. 1. Iloe and stick early ones 11., if 
well up. See page 62. Provide brush ff., if not already 
done. 
Plow and subsoil or trench grounds for spring planting 
but do not work them in a wet state. 
Potatoes—Plant early ones f. m. Force ff. as directed 
on page 60. 
Radishes—Sow f. m. 1. Pull and use from hot beds 11. 
Raspberries—Uncover and tie up canes f. m. manuring 
and forking up the ground. Make new plantations f. m. 1. 
or when the ground will do to work. 
Rhubarb—Uncover and spade in manure ff. m. Sow 
seed, and set out crowns at the same time. 
Salsify—Sow m. 1. on deep rich soil. 
Sage—Sow and plant m. 1. 
Seeds—See that the supply is sufficient. Put out win¬ 
ter vegetables 11. for raising your own. 
Soils will be improved by mixing. Add sand and muck 
to clayey, and clay and pond mud to sandy soils. 
Spinach—Uncover winter ff. sowf. m. 1. for succession. 
Squashes—Plant apart from other vines 11. 
Strawberries—Uncover ff. if not done. Make new 
beds f. m. 1. Read strawberry article. 
Thyme—Sow and plant m. 1. 
Tomatoes—Sow ff. in hot beds, m. 1. in open ground. 
Plant out 11. protecting if necessary. 
Trench grounds for'garden purposes—See article. 
Turnips—Sow early Dutch, Stone, &c., f. m. 1. Put 
out for seed 11. 
FLOWER GARDEN AND LAWN. 
There is much that may be done advantageously dur¬ 
ing this month among the flower roots, and shrubbery of 
old grounds, and the laying out and planting of new. 
Early blooming shrubs and perennial plants will be more 
likely to live, and flower better when planted early. The 
hot sun and frequent drouth of early summer often injures 
late planted trees and shrubs. 
Where new lawns or grass plots are to be sowed, the 
sooner it is now done the better, after grading, manuring 
and trenching or subsoiling. 
Annuals—Sow tender varieties in hot beds ff. and hardy 
ones in open ground 11. Keep a portion to sow in May. 
Asters and Balsams—Sow m. 11. 
Biennials—Sow m. 1. Transplant ff. 
Box Edging—Plant and put in cuttings ff to m., the 
earlier the better. 
Bulbs—Uncover those protected during the winter ff. if 
not already done. Stir the ground lightly, without 
injuring the young shoots oi^flower stalks. Towards the 
latter part of the month tie up the stalks about to bloom, 
and shield from warm sun by a screen or awning. Plant 
out those done blooming in hand glasses, and take up and 
store autumn flowering. 
Carnations and Pinks—Remove from frames and pits 
m. 1. shifting to larger pots or planting out. Sow m. 1. 
Chrysanthemums—Transplant ff. m. dividing the roots. 
Sow 11. 
Clarkia—Sow m. 1. 
Clematis—Transplant ff m. 
Coreopsis—Sow m. 1. 
Dahlias and Gladiolus—If wanted te flower earlv, start 
in. in hot beds or houses, or expose in warm situations, 
covering with earth and protecting in cool weather. By 
putting them in a box of earth and exposing upon the 
south side of a building, and taking them in during cool 
nights, they may be forwarded several weeks. 
Daisies—Propagate by dividing the roots. 
Deciduous Trees and Shrubs—Plant f. m. to 1. as soon 
as the ground is prepared. 
Evergreens—May be planted 11. exposing the roots as 
little as possible while out of the ground, though May is 
a better month for planting evergreens in this latitude 
and further north. 
Frames and Pits—Open daily, if mild, to harden the 
plants. Some of the most hardy may be put out 11. 
Grass Edgings—Rake and renew f. m. paring the 
edges smoothly. Select firm turl from roadsides or pas¬ 
tures for new grounds. 
Gravel Walks—Dig up and cover anew ff. old foul 
walks, and make those needed on new grounds. 
Hibiscus—Sow m. 1. 
Honeysuckles—Plant m. 1. Trim and train ff 
Lawn—Rake, and roll ff seeding or turfing bare spots. 
Top dress with fine scrapings from the yards, or bone 
dust, or guano, mixed with earth, or give liquid manure 
through a sprinkler or watering pot. 
Lupine—Sow m. 11. 
Manure both old and new grounds, working it into the 
soil thoroughly. 
Mignonette—Sow f. m. to 1. 
Mulch newly planted trees and shrubs as soon as 
planted, especially evergreens. 
Pansies—Sow m. 1. 
Perennials—Divide roots and plant ff. in. 
Petunias—Sow m. 1. Plant 11. 
Phloxes—Plant f. m. sowing seed 1. 
Polyanthus and Primroses—Sow m. 1. planting II. in 
partial shade. 
Portulaccas—Sow ff. m. 
Roses—Plant ff. to m. Trim and regulate pillar and 
climbing varieties ff. See article. 
Stock Gillias—Plant 11. 
Tender plants and shrubs protected during the winter— 
Uncover f. m. and arrange their branches for summer 
growth. 
Verbenas—Sow m. 1. Plant on borders or masses 11. 
HOT HOUSE. 
Achimcnsis—Put four or five tubers in six inch pots 
watering lightly until they commence growing. 
Air freely in mild weather, maintaining a temperature 
55° to 80°. 
Bark Beds—Renew f. m.if not done last month. 
Begonias and other plants requiring a shift to larger 
pots. Change ff 
Cactuses—Look over frequently, clearing from the 
mealy bug, and syringe freely. 
Cuttings of plants—Take these from firm, matured 
stems, and put in f. in. 1. If not well ripened they will 
decay or damp off. 
Euphorbias—Cut back to get young wood for next win- 
ter’s flowering. 
Flowers in pots—Bring in from the green house to keep 
up asucccession. 
Fuchsias—Repot those intended for fine specimens. 
Fumigations—With these destroy the green fly, moisten 
ing the tobacco before burning it. 
Graperies—See article elsewhere. 
Leaves of various plants—Clean occasionally with 
sponge or syringe. 
Red Spider—See on “ Insects,” under greenhouse. 
In addition, place sulphur upon the flues, the fumes ol 
which will destroy or drive them away. 
Seeds—Sow annuals in pots for early borders in the 
flower garden. 
Water—Give freely, sprinkling the flowers and syring¬ 
ing overhead. 
GREEN HOUSE. 
Air—Admit freely by both front and top sashes. Do 
not allow the temperature to rise above 70° during the 
day, or fall below 40° at night. 
Callas—Water freely while in bud and flower. 
Camellias—Are now nearly out of flower. Syringe 
freely during mild evenings. 
Cinerarias and Pelargoniums—Water abundantly, gi v- 
ing liquid manure once a week. 
Cuttings—Put Roses, Verbenas, Geraniums and other 
similar plants in pots. 
Insects—Destroy red spiders and other insects by sy ring 
ing with one-half pound of Whale Oil Soap mixed with 
six gallons soft water. Turn the plants so as to syringe 
the under side. Tobacco fumigations may also be 
requisite. 
Mildew—Dust plants affected, with flour of sulphur, 
after syringing with water. 
Oranges and Lemons—Top dress with fine” rotten ma¬ 
nure, watering when the surface seems dry’, 
Oxalises—Put on a dry shelf, withholding water. 
Tulips and Hyacinths—As fast done as blooming, plant 
out m. 1. marking the several kinds correctly so that no 
errors may occur. 
Water—Give moie frequently and in larger quantities 
as vegetation advances. 
