AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
147 
Tobacco—Top or nip off the upper growth. Keep the 
ground light and free from weeds. 
Turnips—Sow Ruta-bagas and Swedes f. mm. 1. Flat 
or Cow-Horn varieties may be sown at any time during 
the month, and especially among corn at the last hoeing 
Read directions in another place, and put in a good sup¬ 
ply for Fall and Winter. 
Wheat—Cutm. 1., or as soon as the kernel has harden¬ 
ed from the dough state. Pick out all foul stuff from the 
seed patch. Read article on early cutting. 
ORCHARD AND NURSERY. 
The principal business of the Orchardist during this 
month will be pruning, thinning and gathering early fruit. 
Cherries, Peaches and the earlier Apples and Pears, will 
furnish his table with abundance of delicious fruit, as the 
Season promises a plentiful yield. The Nurseryman will 
find sufficient to keep him busy between plowing among 
trees, pruning and 
Budding Seedlings, the season for which is now at 
hand in this latitude. The different kinds of fruit usually 
require budding in the following order. Plums, Cher¬ 
ries, Apricots, Pears, Apples, Quinces, Nectarines and 
Peaches, although difference of soil and situation will 
sometimes hasten one and retard the other. Read direc¬ 
tions for budding on page 161 of present number. 
Caterpillars—Destroy the second brood as recommended 
last month on page 135. Keep small torches burning near 
the ground ff. to entice and destroy the moths. 
Cherries—Early varieties are already ripe and the crop 
will extend through the month. Use care in gathering 
not to break the limbs or start the bark under heavy boots 
Fallen Fruit—Gather all kinds and cook to destroy the 
insects, unless swine or other animals are allowed the 
range of fruit grounds. 
Grafts—Loosen any bandages which are cutting into 
the bark, and rub off suckers. 
Hoeing—Continue in Nursery grounds, and keep grass 
and weeds fiom growing about standards in the Orchard 
Insects—Destroy ff. according to the directions of last 
month, keeping the torches there recommended at a 
distance from the foliage. 
Layering and Inarching m^y be commenced this month. 
Full directions will be given in the next number. 
Manure—Apply in liquid or other form to those trees 
which are loaded with fruit. 
Pears—Trim lightly, retaining side spurs, and bud m. 1. 
Plums—Gather fallen fruit and continue to war against 
the curculio. Bud ff. m. Round off stalks budded last 
season. 
Pruning—Attend to m. 11. For full directions see 
page 160. 
Quince Trees—Prune and bud with Pears, using only 
those kinds known to succeed upon the quince stock. In¬ 
sert the buds as near the root as possible. 
Stones or Pits—Collect from fruits as they ripen, and 
plant at once, or put in boxes of earth. If thoroughly 
dried they will not vegetate with certainty. 
Thinning fruit will be necessary on young trees. It is 
not best to allow trees planted in the Spring to perfect 
any fruit the present season. The fruit of large trees 
which have set a heavy crop should be thinned if good 
size is desired. 
Vines—Prune and layer those under cultivation in the 
Nursery. 
KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDEN. 
Between harvesting and marketing the early crops, 
sowing for late, weeding, thinning and hoeing, the gard¬ 
ener will find sufficient employment for the month. It is 
not too late to plant many of the vegetables of the kitchen 
garden. Some of them will succeed better now than 
planted much earlier, and as the soil is in good condition 
for the vegetation of seeds, no ground should remain un¬ 
occupied through fear that it is too late to plant. A wet 
Spring is often followed by a dry Summer and the present 
is quite likely to be such. Frequent and deep stirring of 
ihe soil is the best means of counteracting drouth. Dews, 
also, have more beneficial effecisupon a well pulverized, 
than upon a compact soil. 
Asparagus—Omit cutting, but keep down weeds. 
Beans—Kidney dwarfs and six week beans may still be 
planted ff. See that running varieties are provided with 
poles. 
Beets—Sow ff. for w-inter crop. Hoe early crops f. m. 1. 
Cabbages—Plant ff. especially between rows of early 
potatoes. 
Carrots may still be sown ff. Thin, weed and hoe f. m. 
Celery—Plant out full crop in trenches ff m. watering 
and shading from the hot sun. 
Corn—Plant sweet ff for late use. Hoe early plantings. 
Cress—Sow ff. m. for succession. 
Cucumbers—Plant ff m. for pickles. 
Egg-Plants—May still be planted ff., shading from the 
sun and watering if the weather is dry. 
Fruit—Thin and support over-loaded or weak branches 
and vines. 
Gooseberries—Keep the soil loose and well mulched. 
Dust with sulphur if affected with mildew. 
Grapes—Continue to rub off superfluous shoots, and nip 
back fruit bearing branches. Destroy caterpillars by hand 
picking. Read chapter in present number. 
Herbs—Many of these will require gathering this month. 
Cut when in flower, dry thoroughly, and pack in tin cans 
or dry boxes. 
Hoe—Counteract the drouth, which often occurs during 
this month, by thoroughly stirring the soil and hoeing up 
the weeds which would otherwise appropriate moisture. 
Insects—Continue to use night torches and open bottles 
of liquid to destroy any that are left. 
Lettuce—Sow f. m. 1. Thin and use former plantings. 
Marjoram—Gather and dry m. 1. 
Melons—Plant ff. for mangoes. 
Onions—Sow m. 11. for sets to plant next spring. 
Peas—Sow f. m. 1. for succession. Bush or string for¬ 
mer sowings. Clear grounds which have perfected their 
crop and replant with peas or turnips. 
Potatoes—Hoe and weed. Early plantings will come 
off m. 11. and the ground may be used for cabbages or 
turnips. Lift vines of sweet varieties unless seed tubers 
are wanted. 
Radishes—Sow f. m. 1. among other crops. 
Salsify—Hoe and thin. 
Seeds—Gather as ripe, and save with care. Label and 
date them that their age may be known at any future 
period. 
Spinach—Sow ft', m. for Autumn crops. Use former 
sowings, saving sufficient for seed. 
Squashes—Early varieties may still be sown. Protect 
from bugs with flour and black pepper, or cover with cot¬ 
ton. See another remedy in present number. 
Strawberries—Cl ip runners if hill culture is desired. 
Keep grounds free from weeds. 
Tomatoes—Plant out f. m. for late Stake or bush early 
ones. 
Transplant cabbages, tomatoes, eggplants, &c., during 
damp weather if possible. See directions on page 162. 
Turnips—Sow Ruta Bagas and Swedes ff. m. Flat and 
Cow hoi n varieties may be put in m. 1. Sow wood ashes 
or dry lime on them as soon as up to protect from the 
garden flea. Read chapter on another page. 
Water—Give plants newly set out. 
Weeds—Collect and carry to the hog or manure heap. 
Allow none to sow their seeds for a future crop. 
FLOWER GARDEN AND LAWN. 
The flower borders should present an attractive appear¬ 
ance during the entire month. In addition to many of 
the perennials still in bloom, a succession of annuals will 
now supply the places of early flowering bulbs and her- 
bacious plants whose flower stalks have been removed. 
Pillar and other roses are now in profuse flower, while 
beneath them flourish countless varieties of plants in full 
bloom, conspicuous among which are Delphiniums, Dian- 
thus, Campanulas, Phlox, Digitalis, Petunias, Verbenas, 
Pelargoniums, &c. Among the things to be attended to 
during the month is the sowing of 
Annuals, a few of which may be put in ff. Weed and 
transplant those previously sown. 
Box Edging—Clip ff. if neglected last month. 
Bulbs—Many of the early flowering may now be lifted 
and dried. They should not be removed before the foliage 
has withered. 
Carnations, Pinks, Picotees and Pansies—Continue to 
layer ff. m. Those which are established may be re¬ 
moved 1. m. 
Dahlias, if previously started in pots or otherwise 
may still be planted ff. Stake and prune as they advance 
in growth. 
Flower Stalks—Cut away as fast as they complete their 
bloom, both to free the grounds from unsightly objects, and 
allow room for annuals planted near them. 
Geraniums—Make and plant cuttings of f. m. 
Gladiolus—Stake flower stalks ff. 
Gravel—Hoe, weed and rake old walks, renewing where 
necessary. 
Hedges—Clip with shears ff. plashing any open spaces. 
Hoe and Weed ff. mm. 11. 
Insects—Destroy as last month. 
Lawns and Grass Edging—Mow and shear f. m. 1. 
Mignionette may be sown ff. 
Potted plants from the houses will require the same 
treatment as last month. Water freely during dry weath¬ 
er, giving liquid manure occasionally. 
Prune deciduous trees and shrubs f. mm. 1. 
Roses present a fine show at this season. Budding and 
layering should now be performed. Continue to use the 
whale oil soap mixture for the destruction of slugs and 
other insects, whenever they appear. 
Seeds—Gather early ripening varieties and label with 
care. 
Transplant annuals as per directions elsewhere. 
Tulips—See Bulbs. 
Verbenas—Layer for Inte blooming and house plants. 
Water—Give to pot and other plants as necessary, ap 
plying it at night. 
Weeds should not be permitted to grow in grounds al¬ 
lotted to flowers. 
GREEN AND HOT HOUSE. 
These will be comparatively empty at this season, a 
large number of the plants having been carried to open 
grounds. Those remaining will require plenty of air 
which should be admitted mostly through the top venti¬ 
lators, else the current will produce a dry atmosphere. 
Azalias—Should have sufficient air to mature the new 
growth. 
Cactuses—Water freely. 
Camellias—Shift to larger pots ff. m. 
Cuttings of herbaceous and succulent plants—Make 
ff. m. 
German Stocks—Plant ff. for winter blooming. 
Grapes— See full directions on page 159 of present 
number. 
Insects—Destroy by hand picking and fumigations in¬ 
side, and syringings outside of the house. 
Layer or Inarch f. m., plants which will not strike 
readily. 
Oranges and Lemons—Bud ff. m. Thin fruit or remove 
blossom buds when enough has set. 
Orchid®—Keep dry and cool. 
Pelargoniums—Continue to make cuttings of, heading 
in those done flowering. 
Potting of cuttings, layers, &c.—Continue ff. 
Prune plants done blooming, cutting back those designed 
for winter flowering. 
Seeds—Gather as they ripen and label for future use. 
Seedlings—Transplant or pot off as soon as they are of 
sufficient size. Shifting to larger pots may be done dur 
ing the month. This is the most appropriate season for 
the change. 
Syringe freely to dislodge insects and maintain a humid 
atmosphere. 
Tie up plains to prevent their being injured by the wind, 
and screen them from strong currents. 
Turn plants frequently to prevent a crooked growth. 
Water—Give to plants both in and out of houses, select¬ 
ing the evening as the best time. During heavy rains those 
plants inside should be shielded by closing the upper sash 
or turning the pots upon their side. 
THE APIARY. 
BY M. QUINBV. 
In spite of all endeavors to the contrary, there will pro¬ 
bably be some old stocks without queens at the end of the 
swarming season. The means of providing other queens 
for stock, will soon be past—usually by the middle of the 
month—I gave the directions in June. A queenless stock 
at this season, will speedily be destroyed by the worms, 
unless the colony is very strong. Watch them as they 
beeome weak, which will be in a few weeks, or months 
at most ; they will continue their labor as others. But if 
weak, they should be broken up at once, and the contents 
saved; the bees united with some other weak stock or 
swarm having a queen ; or, what is frequently better, 
break up the weak one having the queen and put the 
bees with the queenless one. This will not only save the 
honey and wax, but prevent the breeding of thousands of 
moths to infect other stocks. 
The moth is particularly active this month; it will 
be likely to trouble all small sw arms, as well as old stocks 
that have swarmed too much ; these with proper assist¬ 
ance, can be often saved. In sections where diseased or 
foul brood, has appeared, the utmost vigilance is needed 
to prevent its spreading. All old stocks can be examined 
three weeks after the first swarm, better than any other 
time, as the brood left by the old queen will be nearly it 
not all matured in that time. To do it, blow some tobac¬ 
co smoke under the hive, turn it over and look among the 
brood combs for sealed cells ; if any are found, open a 
few with the point of a knife. When healthy they have 
the shape of the mature bee, but if diseased, are black and 
putrid. A dozen such should condemn a stock at once 
Drive the bees into an empty hive to begin anew—no 
other course has been found successful. 
To prevent a waste of young broods.—If any combs 
need pruning on account of age, it should be done about 
three weeks after the first swarm leaves the hive. To do 
it sooner would cause a waste of young broods whieh 
ought to be preserved. It should be remembered, how¬ 
ever, that pruning is very seldom called for. Brood combs 
if not diseased, will do good service eight or ten years, 
even though they may grow black. 
Examine the boxes on the hive, every few days. Put 
empty ones in the place of full ones, as fast as finished— 
do not compel the bees to be idle for want of room a single 
day during a yield of honey. 
To preserve t.he honey till cold weather, it must be 
secured from the mice, ants, &c., and kept m a dry place 
at any rate, and cool if possible. Such boxes of honey, 
must be examined every few days, to see if any moth- 
worms hatch out—should any appear, they may be de¬ 
stroyed with the fumes of sulphur. 
