170 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
twigs, and the leaves. Is the trunk smooth, 
indicating that the owner has applied strong 
soap-suds recently, and routed the moss and 
the countless progeny of scale bugs ? There 
is sawdust around the collar perhaps. In¬ 
vestigate the hole with a wire, and smite the 
borer with a fatal bore under the fifth rib. Is 
the new wood strong and healthy; and the 
foliage luxuriant and glossy? You will find 
many curled and dead leaves, perhaps, and 
within the folds a whole brood of eggs, or a 
crawling grub. Kill him, as you hope for 
fruit next year. Turn pigs into your or¬ 
chard to eat up the early dropping fruit. 
Every worm-eaten apple is a pest-house— 
destroy it. Scrape off the old bark, that 
serves as a refuge for the moths and their 
eggs; and bear it in mind, that all these 
labors and appliances will but imperfectly do 
the work of birds. 
THE T1MELV SAVING OF SEEDS. 
Do not wait till they begin to shell from 
the pod before you gather them. They are 
perfected even before the pod or husk is dry, 
and the drying process will go on quite as 
well under an open shed as on the stalk. 
Cabbages, turnips, beets, and some other 
vegetables have already formed their seeds 
and should be immediately secured. Have a 
place for them, and let them be bagged, and 
labeled , as soon as they are sufficiently dry. 
DRYING SWEET CORN. 
As you are luxuriating this month in that 
delicious compound, succotash, remember 
the dearth of next winter, and lay in a gen¬ 
erous supply of this inspissated article. The 
beans will take care of themselves well 
enough, but the corn requires skill to evapo¬ 
rate its water, and leave behind in the ker¬ 
nel its sugar, starch, and gum, and those es¬ 
sential oils which lend their charm to the 
dish of corn and beans. Take the corn 
when in its best condition for this purpose. 
If too old upon the stalk, it will be too old 
next winter when dried. Juicy, plump ears, 
when the milk is richest, should be selected. 
They may be dried in the green state or 
boiled and then dried. In either case scrape 
the corn from the cob and dry upon sheets 
in bright sunny weather, and finish off in 
pans in the oven, or over the stove. When 
the drying is once commenced the evapora¬ 
tion should be kept up until it is finished. 
Sweet corn, soured in the drying, is ruined. 
STRAWBERRY BEDS 
should be made this month, if they have not 
already a place in the garden. This delicious 
fruit is scarcely more difficult of cultivation 
than the potato, and every farmer ought to 
have a generous supply for his own table, if 
he do not cultivate them for market. In the 
back numbers of this volume he will find 
full directions for preparing the beds, and 
setting the plants. 
BUDDING. 
It is a very easy thing to put new tops 
upon young trees by this simple process. It 
is best done upon trees of a year or two old 
but by taking young sprouts old trees may 
be furnished with new heads. A bundle of 
buds, a sharp budding knife, and bass wood 
matting, or woolen yarn, will furnish you for 
this work. The shoots from which the buds 
CALENDAR Of OPERATIONS. 
are cut should be of this year’s growth, and 
taken from the top or bearing parts of the 
parent tree. A day or two after a rain, when 
the sap is running freely, is the best time to 
insert the buds. All the cuts upon stock 
and Hud should be made with a very sharp 
knife. Full directions were given in last 
month’s Agriculturist. 
THE APPLE WORM. 
Now that the curcuiio and black wart have 
got such control of the plum tree, and the 
pear and cherry suffer so much from our se¬ 
vere winters and various diseases, men are 
beginning to feel that they must fall back on 
that old stand-by, the apple. Our own ob¬ 
servation, this summer especially, of blast¬ 
ed pear and cherry trees, leads us to feel 
thus inclined. But the apple tree is not 
without its enemies and diseases. We al¬ 
lude now particularly to the worm,—not the 
caterpillar which infests the branches and 
preys upon the leaves, but what is known as 
the apple-worm or “ Codling moth,” appear¬ 
ing first in Spring as a miller, depositing its 
eggs in the calyx or eye of the young fruit, 
from which a grub is hatched and eats into 
the center of the apple. For several years 
past this pest has been increasing its rav¬ 
ages. In all quarters, last fall, fruit which 
appeared sound and fair to the eye, was 
found perforated by the worm. 
What, then, shall we do ? Certainly not 
sit down in despair and leave the time-hon¬ 
ored and long loved apple to follow the other 
fruiis so abundantly preyed upon. The ap¬ 
ple-worm can be destroyed and he must be. 
Now, at this very season of the year, oper¬ 
ations may be begun. Small, immature 
fruit is now beginning to fall from the trees, 
and will continue to do so until autumn. 
These apples contain worms and should be 
destroyed immediately. When one has only 
a few choice trees in his door-yard, these 
apples can be picked up, (children’s little 
Jingers are just the things for this work,) 
and fed to the pigs or cooked to destroy the 
insect. In large orchards swine should be 
allowed to run, which will eat up nearly all 
the punctured fruit as fast as it falls. Early 
in spring is another season for attacking the 
worm. At that time he may be caught nap¬ 
ping in the shape of a moth, rolled up in a 
cocoon in the crevices of the tree, where he 
has spent the winter. The killing of these 
worms should be made a part of every 
Spring’s work. 
Another very good method has been rec¬ 
ommended, viz : to suspend quart bottles, 
half filled with sweetened water, by straps 
from the branches of the tree. This trap 
must be set early in summer, while the ma¬ 
rauder has on his wings. In the course of 
a few weeks multitudes will take to the bot¬ 
tle, and find hard drinking prove their ruin. 
Some ,rchardists try fire by night, in con¬ 
nection with sweetened water by day. They 
Kindle small bonfires of straw or shavings in 
their orchards, one or two evenings a week, 
in June, and the apple-miller, like others of 
the family, flies into the fire and perishes 
The tar flambeaux spoken of on page 135 of 
the June numb recommended burning 
for a lo 
august, 1857. 
[We note down a summary of various operations, 
many of them very common ones, it is true, but a simple 
catalogue like this will often suggest a piece ol work that 
would otherwise be forgotten. The Calendar is adapted 
to the latitudes of 40° to 44°. A little allowance must be 
made for each degree of latitude—later north—earlier 
south. This table will be made out anew every month, 
and adapted to the season of each year. 
Explanations.— The letters, f. m. 1., refer to !<rst, mid¬ 
dle , and last of the month. 
Doubling the letters thus : IT., mm., or 11., gives emphasis 
to the particular period indicated.! 
FARM. 
The present is, by some, called a month of leisure, hut 
the thiifty farmer will see enough to occupy hisiime. His 
business is not as pressing as during “ hay and harvest,’' 
and he may properly enjoy a iittle relaxation with his 
family, and let the boys “go fishing.” But h's farm crops 
must not be neglected, and now is a favorable opportune 
ty to collect and compost manures for winter grain ana 
Spring crops of next season. “A penny saved is two 
pence earned,” should be borne in mind by those who 
spend large sums annually in the purchase of foreign 
manures. 
Among the things requiring attention is the cutting ol 
Bushes along hedges and in pastures. Boshes “whip 
ped” during this month will not sprout readily 
Butter and Cheese making will form a very uriportan 
part of “ household labors,” in all of which neatness is an 
essential requisite, For directions see July number, and 
on another page. 
Cabbages—Late ones may still be planted out If on 
grounds already free, or soon to be cleared of early crops. 
Cattle—See that their grazing lands are sufficient. 
Give milch cow's a little of the soiling crop each day to 
keep up a good supply of milk, especially .f it is tor 
market. A handful of clean wood ashes, mixed with as 
much salt, given to each animal every wee* is a good pre¬ 
ventive of “ murrain.” 
Corn—Keep the fields free from weeds, but do not plow 
or cultivate so deep as to injure the roots at this season. 
Early plantings for forage may be gradually cul and fed. 
Cotton—Prepare baskets, sacks, gin stands, presses. 
&c., in the early part of the month, that there be no de¬ 
tention when the picking season commences at the south, 
about the middle of the month. 
Draining—Reclaim swamps, and double the value o. 
wet lands by thorough drainage. Read the chapters in 
former numbers. 
Fences—Keep in good repair. Do not invite your 
cattle to become unruly by leaving a bar down here, a 
rail or board off there, and a broken down wall in another 
place. 
Forests—The present is a favorable month to cut off 
forests for the purpose of bringing them under tillage. 
After removing the larger wood, spread and burn the 
brush m. 1. for a crop of rye or w heat. 
Hay—Cut Salt and Sedge, selecting neap tides in order 
to remove it without being flooded. Stack upon high 
grounds or give it barn room. 
Hoeing should not be neglected as long as weeds con¬ 
tinue lo grow. 
Hogs—Keep their pens and yards well supplied with 
manure materials, and compel them to contribute in part 
towards their support as manufacturers. Store hogs may 
continue in pasture or orchard, but those for early fatten¬ 
ing should have a smaller range and more feed. 
Manures— Pay particular attention to their manufac¬ 
ture, collecting from the woods, muck swamps, ponds 
and road-sides, everything valuable and compost with 
fish and sea-weed. Keep hog and cattle yards covered ! 
with muck and collect the droppings each morning throw¬ 
ing them in a heap under cover. Read article in pres- I 
ent number on the “ drainage of cattle yards and Hints 
for the Season,” on another page. 
Millet—Commence cutting for milch cows ff. Secure 
the whole crop before the seed hardens, unless the grain 
is wanted. 
Muck—Dig in dry weather and cart a goodly supply to 
your yards and stables, as recommended elsewhere. 
Oats—Complete harvesting ff. Do not allow them to 
get too ripe, thus injuring the straw for feeding. 
Pastures—See that the feed is sufficient for grazing ani¬ 
mals. A frequent change of grounds is beneficial. 
Plow deep for winter grain m. 11. manuring wel . 
Potatoes—Early plantings are now ready for market i 
and the ground may receive a crop of cabbages or 
turnips. 
Poultry—Look to, especially if confined in houses and 
yards. Keep the roosis and nests clean, and if troubled 
with vermin, dust the fowls with flour of sulphur. Line 
the nests with tobacco leaves to expel lice Irom setting 
hens. 
Rice—Complete cutting at the South, m. 1., shutting off 
the water for a week or ten days previous to harvesting 
