KEW GARDENS-WAYSIDE NOTES. 
235 
extensively:—1. C. succirubra, which yields the red bark of 
commerce, yielding about 5 per cent, of alkaloids, quinine 
and cinchonine in almost equal proportions, which thrives at 
a lower elevation than the three others, but it is specially 
sensitive to frost, and long-continued drought ; 2. C. 
micrantha , which yields the grey or silver bark, also poor 
in quinine, but rich in cinchonine ; 3. C. Calisaya and its 
variety, Ledgeriana , which yields the royal, called also the 
yellow or Calisaya bark, the richest of all in alkaloids, of 
which quinine forms half or three-quarters (not less than 2, 
and in exceptional cases as much as 10 per cent, of quinine) ; 
and 4. C. officinalis , which yields the pale, or loxa, or crown 
bark, containing J to 1 per cent, alkaloids, of which more 
than half is quinine. 
(To be continued.) 
ftSapfot Botrs. 
Leafing of Oak and Ash. —The continuous and welcome sunny 
days of the end of May induced an unusually rapid development of 
the foliage of both oak and ash, so that the relative opening was 
not so marked as in any year during the last six or seven seasons. 
A large number of trees were carefully observed in S. Beds, and 
N. Herts., especially where they were growing in company, and in the 
great majority of cases oaks were before the ashes; it was only 
exceptional, possibly ten per cent., where the reverse was the case. 
Bearing in mind the constitutional differences of individual trees, I 
see no reason for reversing the opinion before expressed in the 
“Midland Naturalist,” that oak trees as a whole leaf before the ash 
trees.—J. Saunders, Luton. June, 1888. 
P.S.—It is worthy of note, as bearing upon the old adage, that this 
season, in which the ash trees were more nearly synchronous with 
the oaks than usual, has been followed by a remarkably wet summer. 
—J. S. August, 1888. 
Freshwater Algas. —This beautiful and interesting class of plants 
is not as much studied as it deserves to be. It offers an ample field for 
discovery to any one with a microscope and good eyesight. The 
Council of the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society have 
recently purchased the splendid collection of Mr. F. Bates, of 
Leicester, comprising nearly 1,800 microscopic slides, mostly prepared 
by himself, with admirable skill, and representing about 399 British 
and 19 foreign species. A number of the British species, supposed to 
be about 60. are not yet identified or named. The Council are anxious 
that this fine collection should be turned to account for the general 
benefit of science, and if any student desires to make use of them, an 
application to that effect would be favourably considered. 
Bristol Hill, Leicester. F. T. Mott. 
