16 
PROTOBASID'IUM, basidium divided 
by transverse septa into four cells, 
each giving rise to a spore from a lat¬ 
erally inserted sterigma, or a basidium 
divided longitudinally by septa inter¬ 
secting each other at right angles into 
four cells, each cell terminating in a 
long tubular sterigma. 
PRO'TOPLASM, the nitrogenous fluid 
of variable composition found in liv¬ 
ing cells; it is the vital substance into 
which all food is assimilated, and from 
which all parts of the plant are 
formed. 
PROX'IMAL, pertaining to the base or 
extremity of attachment. 
PRU'INATE, PRU'INOSE, covered 
with a bloom or powder so as to ap¬ 
pear as if frosted. 
PRUN'IFORM, plum-shaped. 
PSEUDO , prefix signifying ‘false’ or 
‘spurious.’ 
PSEUDO-PAREN'CHYMA, a fungus- 
tissue, formed of closely woven and 
felted hyphal threads, which on sec¬ 
tion has the appearance of the cellu¬ 
lar structure of true parenchyma. 
PUBES'CENCE, general term to de¬ 
scribe hairyness; specifically, covered 
with short soft downy hairs. 
PUBES'CENT, covered with short soft 
downy hairs; hairy. 
PULLULA'TION, a mode of cell multi¬ 
plication in which a cell forms a pro¬ 
tuberance on one side which enlarges 
to size of parent cell and is cut off 
from it by a dividing wall; sprouting. 
PULYERA'CEOUS, PULVER'ULENT, 
covered as if with powder or dust. 
PUL'VINATE, cushion-shaped. 
PUNC'TATE, having dots scattered 
over the surface. 
PUNC'TIFORM, like a point or dot. 
PUSTULAR, PUSTULATE, having 
low elevations shaped like blisters or 
pustules. 
PUTRES'CENT, soon decaying. 
PYRTFORM, pear-shaped. 
QUAD-, QUADRI-, prefix meaning 
‘four.’ 
QUAD'RATE, square; sometimes used 
to mean ‘of four equal parts.’ 
QUATER'NATE, arranged in groups of 
four. 
RA'DIATE, RA'DIATING, arranged 
like the spokes of a wheel. 
RADTCATING, rooting; having root¬ 
like strands which penetrate the ma¬ 
trix. 
RA'MEAL, RA'MEOUS, growing on 
twigs or branches. 
RAMIC'ULOUS, growing on branches. 
RAMIFICATION, branching, or the 
manner of branching. 
RAM'IFY, to form branches. 
RA'MOSE, RA'MOUS, having many 
small branches. 
RAPHTDES, (pi. of RA'PHIS), long 
slender needle-like crystals pointed at 
both ends, sometimes found within the 
tissues of plants. 
RECEPTACLE, RECEPTAC'ULUM, 
term of varying signification, usually 
implying a hollowed out body contain¬ 
ing other bodies; (a) same as stroma; 
(b) same as sporophore; (c) in Phal- 
loids, the stipe, stipe and pileus,, or the 
clathrate body which supports the 
gleba. * 
REFLEXED', REFLEC'TED, turned 
or bent back. 
REMOTE', applied to lamellae where 
their posterior extremities are distant 
from the stipe. 
REN'IFORM, kidney-shaped. 
REPAND', (a) bent or turned up or 
back, (b) having a slightly undulating 
or sinuous margin. 
REP'LICATE, folded back upon itself, 
as when the margin of a cup turns 
outwards and downwards. 
RESU'PINATE, attached to the matrix 
by the back, the hymenium facing out¬ 
ward. 
RETIC'ULATE, RE'TIFORM, marked 
with crossed lines like the meshes of 
a net. 
REV'OLUTE, rolled backward or up¬ 
ward. 
RHI'ZOCTONES, delicate, web-like 
ramifying strands of loosely united hy- 
phae sometimes found investing and 
penetrating the young roots of trees, 
eventually causing death of the tree. 
RHI'ZINES, RHI'ZOIDS, delicate fili¬ 
form hyphal branches which serve to 
attach the sporophore to the substra¬ 
tum and supply nourishment. 
RI'MOSE, RI'MOUS, covered with 
cracks. 
RHI'ZOMORPHS, long, branching or 
anastomosing, rigid, root-like cords of 
mycelium with a dark or black exteri¬ 
or, often growing between the bark 
and timber or about and penetrating 
the roots of dead and living trees, pro¬ 
duced by Agaricus melleus and various 
other fungi. 
RIM'ULOSE, RIM'ULOUS, covered with 
small cracks. 
RIND, cortex. 
RING, annulus. 
RI'VOSE, marked with furrows which 
do not run in parallel directions. 
RIV'ULOSE, marked with lines like the 
rivers on a map. 
ROOT'ING, see ‘radicating.’ 
ROSTRATE, beaked. 
ROTUND', round or nearly so. 
RUBES'CENT, tending to a red color. 
RUBIG'INOUS, iron-rust colored; fer- 
rugineous. 
RUFES'CENT, tending to rufous or 
dull red color. 
RUF'FLED, very strongly undulate. 
RU'FOUS, dull red, Venetian red. 
RU'GOSE, wrinkled. 
RU'GULOSE, minutely rugose. 
RUN'CINATE, irregularly saw-toothed, 
the divisions or teeth hooked back 
ward. 
