18 
SPO'ROCARP, in Ascomycetes, the en¬ 
tire fruit, oomposed of the ascophore 
and the asci. 
SPOROG'ENOUS, producing spores. 
SPO'ROPHORE, branch or portion of 
thallus which bears spores or spore- 
mother-cells; said to be simple or fila¬ 
mentous when consisting of a single 
hypha or branch of a hypha, compound, 
when formed by the cohesion of the 
ramifications of separate hyphal 
branches; (the common mushroom is a 
compound sporophore). 
SPO'ROPHYTE, spore plant; orypto- 
gam. 
SPORT, an animal or plant or any part 
of one that varies suddenly or singu¬ 
larly from the normal type of struct¬ 
ure, and is usually of transient char¬ 
acter, or not perpetuated; not so much 
deformed as ‘monster.’ 
SPO'RULE, see under ‘spore.’ 
SPU'RIOUS, false. 
SQUA'MA, (pi. SQUA'MAE), a scale or 
scale-like appendage. 
SQUA'MOSE,, SQUA'MOUS, covered 
with appressed scales. 
SQUAM'ULA, SQUAM'ULE, a small 
squama. 
SQUAM'ULOSE, covered with minute 
scales. 
SQUAR'ROSE, rough with spreading 
processes. 
STALK, stipe; any stem-like support 
ing organ. 
STEL'LATE, star-shaped. 
STERIG'MA, (pi. STERIG'MATA), 
stalk-like branch of a basidium bearing 
a spore. 
STER'ILE, not fertile; producing no 
spores. 
STIPE, stalk of a mushroom. 
STIPTTATE, having a stipe. 
STO'MA, (pi. STO'MATA). (a) a mouth 
or aperture; (b) little orifices in the epi¬ 
dermis of leaves, etc., opening into air- 
cavities or intercellular spaces. 
STRAIGHT, applied to margin of pi- 
leus when not involute. 
STRAMIN'EOUS, straw colored. 
STRA'TOSE, arranged in distinct lay¬ 
ers or strata. 
STRATUM, (pi. STRA'TA), a layer. 
STRI'A, (pi. STRI'AE), parallel or radi¬ 
ating lines or markings. 
STRI'ATE, marked with striae. 
STRI'GOSE, rough with stiff hairs. 
STROBIL'IFORM, resembling a pine- 
cone. 
STRO'MA, (pi. STRO'MATA), (a) a 
mass in which another object is em¬ 
bedded; (b) a compact mass of my¬ 
celium in the form of a cushion, crust, 
club or branched expansion upon or in 
in which perithecia or other organs of 
fructification are borne. 
STUFFED, said of a stipe having a lu¬ 
men filled with a cottony web or 
spongy substance. 
SUB-, prefixed signifies ‘somewhat,’ ‘al¬ 
most’ or ‘under.’ 
SU'BERIZED, transformed into suber- 
in or cork. 
SU'BEROSE, corky. 
SUB-EROSE', slightly erose. 
SUB-GLE'BA, basal portion of the gle- 
ba. 
SUBIC'ULUM, a more or less thin and 
dense felt of hyphae covering the mat¬ 
rix; upon its surface is spread the hy- 
menium or from it arise stalks sup¬ 
porting sporophores. 
SUBSTRA'TUM, sometimes used in the 
sense of matrix. 
SUBTERRA'NEAN, under ground. 
SU'BULATE, SU'BULIFORM, awl- 
shaped. 
SUC'CULENT, fleshy, juicy. 
SUL'CATE, grooved. 
SUL'CUS, (pi. SUL'CI), groove or fur¬ 
row. 
SULPHU'REOUS, SULFU'REOUS, sul¬ 
phur-colored. 
SUPER-, SUPRA-, prefix meaning 
‘above’ in position or degree. 
SUPERFICIAL, situated on or close to 
the surface. 
SUPE'RIOR, the upper surface or po¬ 
sition; applied to a ring formed from a 
partial veil which in the young plant 
has its stipe attachment above the lev¬ 
el of its marginal attaahmentt. 
SYM'BION, SYM'BIONT, an organism 
which lives in a state of symbiosis. 
SYMQBIO'SIS, the coexistence in more or 
less mutual interdependence of two 
different organisms; mutualism; mu¬ 
tual parasitism; commensalism; con- 
sortism; with some authors commen¬ 
salism implies an association less ne¬ 
cessary or mutually helpful than sym¬ 
biosis. 
SYMQBIOT'IC, living in that kind of 
consociation called symbiosis. 
SYN'ONYM, a discarded name for a 
species or genus; either of two or 
more names for the same species or 
genus. 
SYNONYMOUS, expressing the same 
idea; equivalent in meaning; having 
the character of a synonym. 
TAPE'SIUM, a carpet or layer of my¬ 
celium on which the receptacle is situ¬ 
ated. 
TENA'CEOUS, tough. 
TERATOL'OGY, the study of abnormal 
structures; morphology as applied to 
monstrous growths; not applied to 
malformations due to disease. 
TE'RETE, cylindrical or nearly so, hav¬ 
ing a circular transverse section. 
TERRES'TRIAL, growing on the 
ground. 
TES'SELATBD, arranged in small 
squares; checkered or recticulated in a 
regular manner. 
TESTA'CEOUS, brick-red. 
TETRA-, prefix signifying ‘four.’ 
THAL'LOGEN, same as thallophyte. 
