19 
THAL'LOPHYTE, one of the so-called 
“lower cryptogams,” plants in which 
the vegetative body usually consists of 
a thallus, which see. 
THAL'LUS, a vegetative body which is 
not differentiated into a true root, 
stem and leaf, has no true vessels or 
woody fibre; in fungi it is the whole 
body of the plant not serving directly 
as an organ of reproduction, i.e.: my¬ 
celium, if any, and sporophore but not 
including the hymenial layer. 
THE'CA, same as ascus. 
THALA'MIUM, synonym for hymeni- 
um. 
TIS'SUE, an aggregate of similar cells 
and cell products in a definite fabric. 
TOAD'STOOL. “All the fleshy, umbrel¬ 
la-shaped fungi are toadstools, and to 
a small number of the best known edi¬ 
ble forms the name mushroom is applied 
popularly and in commerce; but not a 
small number of the other toadstools 
are edible.” (W. G. Farlow.) 
TOMEN'TOSE, TOMEN'TOUS, densely 
pubescent with matted wool or tomen- 
tum. 
TOMEN'TUM, a species of pubescence 
consisting of longish, soft, entangled 
hairs pressed close to the surface. 
TORN, said of pores which are super¬ 
ficially rough and jagged as if torn. 
TO'ROSE, TOR'ULOSE, swollen at in¬ 
tervals. 
TOR'SION, the state of being twisted 
spirally. 
TOR'SIVE, twisted spirally. 
TOR'TUOUS, bending or turning in va¬ 
rious directions. 
TOXTC, poisonous. 
TRA'MA, (a) the substance, extending 
from and homogeneous with the hy- 
menophore, interposed between the two 
layers of the lamella in agarics, and 
between the double membranes of 
which the dissepiments of the pores are 
composed in polypores; (b) the hyphal 
plates forming the walls of the cham¬ 
bers of the gleba, in gasteromycetes. 
TRANSLU'CENT, transmitting rays of 
light without being transparent. 
TRANS'VERSE, from side to side. 
TREM'ELLOID, TREM'ELLOSE, of a 
gelatinous consistency; jelly-like; re¬ 
sembling Tremella. 
TRI-, prefix meaning ‘three.’ 
TRI'FID, three parted. 
TRIQUET'ROUS, three sided, triangu¬ 
lar; applied to the vertical radial sec¬ 
tion of some dimidiate pilei. 
TRUN'CATE, ending abruptly as if cut 
off. 
TU'BAEFORM, trumpet-shaped. 
TUBE, TU'BULE, in polypores, tube 
lined with hymenium; same as pore. 
TU'BER, (a) fleshy body, usually of a 
rounded or oblong form, produced on 
underground stems, as the potato or 
artichoke; (b) a genus of under- 1 
ground fungi. 
TU'BERCLE, any wart-like or knob¬ 
like excrescence; a small swelling. 
TUBER'CULAR, TUBER'CULATE, TU- 
BER'CULOSE, having or covered with 
tubercules; formed like or forming a 
tubercle. 
TUBER'CULIFORM, shaped like a tu¬ 
bercle. 
TU'BEROUS, rounded and swollen, re¬ 
sembling a tuber. 
TU'BULUS, (pi. TU'BULI), same as 
tube; pore. 
TU'MID, swollen, inflated. 
TUR'BINATE, top-shaped; shape of 
an inverted cone. 
TUR'GID, (a) thickened as if swollen; 
(b) distended with liquid. 
TUR'GOR, (a) the state of being turgid; 
(b) a state by virtue of which the 
framework of the protoplasm of a 
plant retains its contents with great 
tenacity. 
TYPE, (a) a perfect specimen or indi¬ 
vidual exemplifying the essential char¬ 
acters v of the species to which it be¬ 
longs; (b) the original specimen from 
which a species was described. 
TYP'ICAL, having the characteristics of 
the type. 
ULIGTNOSE, ULIGTNOUS, growing in 
marshes or swamps. 
UL'TIMATE, furthest, last. 
UM'BER, UM'BRINOUS, umber-col¬ 
ored. 
UMBIL'ICATE, having an umbilicus or 
central navel-like depression. 
UMBILI'CUS, a navel-like depression. 
UM'BO, a boss or knob in the centre of 
the pileus. 
UM'BONATE, bearing an umbo. 
UN'CINATE, tipped with a hook. 
UN'DULATE, UN'DATE, having the 
surface near the margin alternately 
concave and convex; waved. 
UNE'QUAL, applied to lamellae when 
of unequal lengths; to a stipe not of 
uniform thickness. 
UNE'VEN, said of surfaces that are ir¬ 
regular, striate, sulcate, etc. 
UN'GULATE, UN'GULOUS, hoof¬ 
shaped. 
UNI-, prefix meaning ‘one.’ 
UNICOL'OROUS, of a uniform color; 
of the same color. 
UNISE'RIATE, arranged in one row. 
UNIVERSAL VEIL, see veil. 
UNSEP'TATE, having no partitions. 
UR'CEOLATE, shaped like a pitcher 
with a contracted mouth. 
U'TERUS, same as peridium in Gas- 
tromycetes. 
U"TRICLE, any thin bottle-like or 
bladder-like body. 
VAC'UOLATE, VAC'UOLATED, pro¬ 
vided with vacuoles. 
VAC'UOLE, a cavity of greater or less 
size within the protoplasmic mass of 
active vegetable cells filled with water 
or cell-sap as it is called. 
VAG'INATE, furnished with or con¬ 
tained in a sheath; sheathed. 
