Systematik 
127 
einem zweiten alphabetischen Verzeichnis sind sodann die gelegentlich im 
Text erwähnten Pilze aufgeführt, ein drittes enthält Varia, ein viertes 
die Namen der Correspondenten Lloyds, ein viertes die Synonyme. 
W. Herter (Porto Alegre). 
LLOYD, C. G., Mycological notes (Nr. 38, Nov. 1912, pp. 510—524). 
This issue contains a biographical appreciation and picture of Dr. 
Charles H. Peck, State Botanist of New York for about forty years; 
notes on Lysurus borealis ; two species of African Clathrus (C. Fischeri 
and C. earner unensis); Poiyporus Mylittae\ Trametes gallic a ; Fomes 
juniperinus, which the author considers identical with F. Earlei and F. 
Demidojfii of Russia; Poiyporus Tuberaster ; Lepiota haemotosperma\ 
Fomes lignosus , which is said to be the species on rubber trees in Ceylon 
which Petch has called F. semitostus. Cytidia tremellosa from Louisiana 
and Trametes gilvoides from Florida are described as new. 
C. J. Humphrey (Madison, Wise.). 
MASSEE, G., Mycology, new and old (Naturalist 1912, 366—367.) 
Massee in this short paper states that “up to comparatively recent 
times, morphological or structural characters, obvious to the unaided eye, 
or aided by a pocket-lens, were solely used in the discrimination of species” 
in the Basidiomycetes. Fries “invariably used such characters, and also 
insisted on the necessity of taking the mean of several features or charac¬ 
ters presented by different parts of the plant for embodying his conception 
of a species. There are certain features that stand out in most species, 
which when once mastered cannot be mistaken.“ This standpoint appeals 
to the field worker who alone realises the vast amount of variation possible 
and is not therefore “particularly impressed by what are known as type 
specimens, but would rather be inclined to assert that no one specimen 
embodies all the features that constitute the species under consideration.” 
The „new school of systematic mycologists“, having had a botancial training 
where the microscope is used on all occasions, apply this method throug¬ 
hout “and the dried and mummified individual specimen becomes a type 
presenting features as sharply defined as the acknowledged fixed points 
used in chemistry and physics and the mycologist of this stamp proceeds as 
if he were solving a mathematical problem. If a specimen does not con¬ 
form with the type in all particulars, it is something else and in the 
majority of cases has to be made a new species“. Statements of a similar 
kind are made concerning species founded on the size of the spores and 
those which can only be determined by the use of chemical reagents. 
“Finally, I am not aware that any one has demonstrated that in the 
Basidiomycetes , microscopic characters are less variable in form and 
dimensions &c than are the macroscopic characters.“ 
J. Ramsbottom (London). 
CLINTON, G. P., The relationships of the Chestnut blight fungus 
(Science, N. S. 1912, 36 [27. Dec.], 907—914). 
After an examination microscopically, and in large part culturally, 
of many Endothias occuring on Chestnut and Oak, including Farlow’s 
linear-spored form, E. radicalis (Schw.), sensu Shear, of America and 
Italy, E. virginiana Anders., and specimens of Sphaeria gyrosa Schw. 
