314 
Lichenes — Literatur 
Details are then tabulated regarding the South Georgian species. “It is 
clear from these few figures that the lichens of South Georgia as far 
as they are known at present are very near to the subantarctic species, 
nearer in fact than to the New Zealand or the Antarctic species. These 
statistical notes offer in my opinion a very strong confirmation of the plea 
for the separation of the South Georgian group of islands from the true 
antarctic vegetation area and its inclusion in a South Georgian district 
belonging to the Subantarctic zone of vegetation.” The author points ont 
that there is apparently no limit to the adverse conditions of cold and 
exposure which lichens can bare but that it is of course necessary that they 
should remain without snow for at least some time. “The power to become 
quite dry and still not die is their chief ecological distribution factor.’* 
Some physiological experiments are suggested which might be carried out 
in the very coldest regions. A table is given showing what a small 
difference there is between the arctic and antarctic lichen floras. Pract- 
cally half the anarctic plants are common to the arctic. “These figures also 
show that the similarity of subantarctic to arctic plants as far as lichens 
are concerned is less striking than that of antarctic to arctic.” Some 
remarks are added on the supposed occurrence of Usnea Taylori on the 
antarctic continent. A table is given showing the distribution of the Lichen 
genera in the subantarctic and antarctic regions and a full bibliography 
is added. J. Ramsbottom (London). 
Literatur. 
» 
1. Morphologie, Biologie. 
Guilliermond, A., Recherches comparatives sur le développement de Y Endo- 
?ny ces fibuliger et de Y Endomy ces capsular is (Livre Jubilaire VAN LAER, 
Gent 1913, 36—71; 8 Fig.). 
— Sur les mitochondries des champjignons (Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 1913, 
74, 618—621; 10 fig.). 
Peklo, J., Über die Zusammensetzung der sogenannten Aleuronschicht 
(Ber. D. Botan. Ges. 1913, 31, H. 3 [27. Nov.], 370—384; 1 Taf.). 
Sartory, A. et Sydow, H., Étude morphologique et biologique de Rhizopus 
Artocarpi Rac. (Ann. Mycol. 1913, 11, H. 5 [Nov.], 421—424: 9 Textfig.). 
Toepîfer, A., Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis arctischer und russischer 
Weidengallen (Marcellia 1913, 12 , H. 2/3, 236—240). 
2. Physiologie, Chemie. 
Bassalik, K., Über Silicatzersetzung durch Bodenbacterien und Hefen, 
2. Mitt. (Zeitschr. Gärungsphysiol. 1913, 3, H. 1, 15—42). 
Beijerinck, M. W., Oxydation des Mangancarbonates durch Bactérien und 
Schimmelpilze (Folia Microbiol. 1913, 2 , H. 2 [Nov.], 12 pp.; 2 Taf.). 
Biers, P. M., Notes générales sur les champignons. 3. La Sexualité. Son intérêt 
pour la classification (Rev. Viticult. 1913, 20 , Nr. 1026, 194—197; 43 Fig.). 
Carlson, T., Über Geschwindigkeit und Größe der Hefevermehrung (Biochem. 
Zeitschr. 1913, 57, H. 3/4 [22. Nov.], 313—334). 
Ehrlich, F., Über einige chemische Reactionen der Microorgnismen und 
ihre Bedeutung für chemische und biologische Probleme (Mitt. Landw. 
Inst. Univ. Breslau 1913, 6, H. 5, 705—713). 
Goddard, H. N., Can fungi living in agricultural soil assimilate free 
nitrogen? (Bot. Gazette 1913, 56 , Nr. 4 [Oct.], 249—305; 18 fig.). 
Johannessohn, F., Einfluß Organischer Säuren auf die Hefegärung (Dissert., 
Berlin 1913). 
