340 THE HOLY LAND. 
CHAP, resultinaf from the praetematural convulsion of 
VIII. ^ ^ , • . T 1 
<*— y — ' Nature at the Crucifixion, and is immediately 
adopted as an indication of the spot. This 
Jissure had been ah^eady an object of traditionary 
superstition, as the repository of the body or the 
head oijidam '. It served to identify the place'. 
The ground is ordered to be cleared for the 
foundations of a church. That which never 
indicated even an ascent, by means of a raised 
altar and ajiightofsteps, becomes a mount, and is 
called Calvary\ The Pagan idols in its neigh- 
identityof bourhood are thrown down and removed*; the 
^^^Mre ^°^y ^^P^^(^^^^^ itself, a few yards from this 
again con- fissure, aud upou the same level with it, is after- 
(1) " Venit enini ad me traditio quaedam talis, quod corpus ^(/« 
primi hominis ibi sepultum est, ubi erucifixus est Christus : ut sicut in 
Adam omnes moriuntur, sic in Christo omnes vivificentur j ut in loco 
illo, qui dicitur Calvariae locus, id est locus capitis, caput humani 
generis Adam resurrectionem inveniat cum populo universo per resur- 
rectionem Salvatoris, qui ibi passus est, et resurrexit." Origen. 
Tract, m, in Matth. See also Hieroriym. in cap-Tl Matth, Cyiill. 
et Basil, in cap. 5 Isaiee. Athanasius in lib. de Passione Domini, Sfc. ^'c. 
(2) " Sicut Apostolus dicit, (2 Cor. xi. 3.) ' Omnjs viri caput est 
Christus.' O raagnam propheticam appellationem !" Cyrill, Catech. 13. 
Vid. Quaresm. lib. v. c.4. torn. 11. />. 489. Antv. 1679. Hear also 
Jerom: " Audivi quemdam exposuisse Calvaries locum in quosepultus 
est Adam; et ideo sic appellatum esse, quia ibi antiqui hominis sit 
conditum caput." Hitronym, in cap. 27 Matt h. Quarestnius, Hb.Y. 
c. 14. torn. II. p. 488. 
(3) " E sacratissimo Calvariae vciOXi\.^per scalam, quam antea ascen- 
dimus, descendimus." Quaresm. lib. v. torn. II. p. 481. 
(4) ^/<eorfore^ Hist. lib. i. cap. 18. Perm, 1642. 
