JERUSALEM. 743 
reign of Dioclesian. If this be true, the paint- ^^^^^' 
ings may be considered as exhibiting specimens '^— s — ' 
of the art belonging to the second century ; and 
thereby iUustrating, by very antient examples, 
the remarks made, in the First Part of these 
Travels ^ concerning the idol pictures of the 
Greek Church in Russia, which they resemble, 
in all circumstances of style and execution. 
Similar paintings have been noticed in the 
description given of our journey to the summit 
of Gargarus and source of the Scamander, as 
found in the ruins of Oratories among the 
recesses of Mount Ida *. Shaw mentions very 
antient paintings, as found in the Cryptce of 
Egypt \ We also observed similar works in 
(3) See Vol. I. 7?. 25, et seq. Octavo Edition. The fact, however, 
if established, will prove the existence of such paintings long 
before the Council of llUheris. Portraits were in use from the 
earliest ages. Joseplms relates, that it was a common practice with 
the Greeks, and other nations, to set a high esteem upon the portraits 
of friends, relations, and even of servants. This passage of Josephus is 
only preserved, however, in the Latin Version. " Grcecis itaque, et 
nliis quihusdam, honum esse creditur imagines instituere. Denique et 
patrum et iixorumfiliorumquefiguras depingentes exsultant, qiiidam verb 
etiam nihil sibi competentium sumunt imagines: alii verb et servos dili- 
gentes, hoc fuciunt." Joseph, contra ylpionem, lib. ii. p. 474. torn, II. 
Edit. Havercampi, Amst. ^'c. 1726. 
(4) See Chap. V. p. 169. and Chap. VI. p. 180. Vol. III. Octavo 
Edition. 
(5) See Shaw's Travels, p. 350. Land. 1757. "Several of these 
Crypta (Note 5. ibid.) painted with symbolical figures, are seen near 
the Pijramids. Chri/sippus's Antrum Mithra seems to have been of 
the same kind. Ta tiix-"' '^'" av'nXot.'iov ■ra.vra. -rotKiXoi; I'Ueti MS(iW(/.iia, 
Ttti x« rui Sicav, evs fiiffira; xaXou/ri^ ayaXfiXTK ^ipiffrafiSva. 
