154 CONSTANTINOPLE. 
CHAP, the Turks, Pamhouk Kaldh-si. T\iq first of these 
IV 
/ places, Nemely Kiry, is distant eighteen leagues 
from Eshi Shehr; the second, twelve leagues; 
and the third, lying behind a mountain called 
by the Turks, Boz Daaghi, and by the Antient 
Greeks, Messoghis, is distant fifteen leagues from 
the same town of Eski Shehr. These are the 
places where it is now found in ^sia ; but there 
are pits opened for digging the same substance 
in the Crimea^; and also others near Thebes in 
Bceotia, which were observed by Mr. Hawkins. 
The j4siatic Keff-kil, or Pataal Tash, is first 
discovered on the surface of the earth, by its 
whitish appearance ; and in its primitive state, 
it is a white soft substance, as easily cut with a 
knife as a piece of cheese. The people of the 
Manner of couutry, uudcr a stipulated grant from the 
collecting Qoygi-nor, coUcct this clay, by cutting or digging 
it off in large lumps, while in a soft state ; in 
which state it may be kept for six months, and 
i. J5a^l688.) For the situation of this city, see sAio Slraho, lib. xiii. 
Ptolemy, lib. v. and the Itinerary of Antoninus^ It was renowned for it8 
hot springs, and for the mineral incrustations they deposited. " Hierapoli 
Phrygiae effervet aguce calidee nnultitudo, ex qua circum hortos et vineas 
fossis ductis immittitur. Hac autem efficitur post annum crusta lapidea, 
et ita quotannis dextra ac sinistra margines ex terra faciendo inducunt 
earn et efficiunt his crustis in agris septa." Vitruvio, lib. riii. cap. 3. 
(1) See Vol. II. of these Travels, Chap. VII. p. 282. Octavo edit. 
