422 APPENDIX, NO I. 
only. This, strictly speaking, is what is now called Panto- 
mime : but among the Romans it did not last long. As 
these extraordinary men left no successors, the Emperors no 
longer encouraged the art, which, by degrees falling into 
decay, was entirely lost under Trajan. From that time, 
dance shared the same fate with all arts : it was lost for 
ages ; and was at last revived during the fifteenth century. 
At that time, a gentleman of Lombardy, by name Borgonza 
di Botta, wishing to celebrate the marriage of Galeazzo 
Duke of Milan with Isabella of Arragon, gave a most 
magnificent entertainment, and brought once more panto- 
mime'inio fashion. 
" However, long before Borgonza, Italy had already 
acquired the Junglers, a species of buffoons ; from whom 
we have derived the Fools, who, under several names, still 
exist on all the stages of Europe. Whatever may be 
their origin, their revival is certainly owing to the Trouba- 
dours. These poets, who, ever since the eleventh century, 
made so conspicuous a figure, generally had in their suite 
some fine singers, to sing the poems which they had com- 
posed; and some curious-looking people, who, under the 
name of giocolieri, jocolatores, jongleurs, junglers, excited 
mirth and laughter, by the oddity of their dresses, and 
by the silly gesticulation of their limbs — simply acting 
during the whole of the performances. At the fall of the 
Troubadours their masters, both the singers and the 
junglers still continued to jugg on for some time : and while 
the former became the Minstrel or Bard of the North, the 
latter continued to be the favourite of all princes and of all 
nations. But, in encouraging and patronizing the Buffoons, 
each nation dressed them according to their own notions 
and taste. 
