J ULY, 1888. j 
HYPOXYLON AND NUMMTJLAR1A 
69 
Hypoxylon marginatum, Schw.—Syn. N. Am, No. 1176. Oil 
dead oak limbs and trunks, from Maine to Florida and west to Ohio. 
Stroma pul vitiate, 1—3 cm. across or by conlluence more than that, con¬ 
vex-hemispheric, covered at first with the olivaceous conidial layer, 
finally black, surface slightly roughened by the projecting perithecia 
with their black papilliform ostiola, which arise from the center of a 
small, flat, circular depression or disk which, however, does not appear 
in the earlier stage of growth ; perithecia monostichous, peripheric, 
about two mm. in diameter, ovate; asci cylindrical, 75—80 x 6—7 spor- 
idia uniseriate, navicular, brown, 7—9 x 3 —SI ! l (mostly 7—8 ! J - long). 
This has been issued in Haveners Fungi, Car. Ex. Fasc., I, No. 47, and in 
Ellis 7 N. A. F., No. 471, as Hypoxylon annulatum , Schw., but it agrees 
with specimens of Sphceria marginata , Schw., in Herb. Schw. at Philadel¬ 
phia and also with the description of that species in Syn. N. Am. The 
S. marginata , Fr., in Fries’ Elenchus, II, p. 69, is evidently a different 
thing—probably, as Saccardo (in Syll., I, No. 371) suggests, Nummularia 
discreta (Schw.) 
Hypoxylon diyisstmum (Schw.) Syn. Car., No. 46.—“Effusa, irreg¬ 
ularis, lignea, rubiginosa, intus nigra, peritheciis globosis immerso- 
periphericis.” 
Cooke in Grev., XI, p. 131, considers this as a synonym of the 
preceding species [H. marginatum ) which, as we have often seen in the 
Pennsylvania and New r Jersey specimens, is often, at a certain stage of 
growth, of a dark rust color (“rubiginosa”). 
Hypoxylon polyspermum, Mont.—Syll. Crypt., 'No. 736. Sacc. 
Syll., I, p. 385: Exsic. Rav. F. Am., Nos. 346 and 347. On wood and bark 
of various deciduous trees, Quercus , Myrica , etc. Georgia (Ravenel) 
Florida and Tennessee (Calkins). Stroma effused, applanate, abruptly 
limited, of a purplish rust color, becoming black, outline irregular, 
mostly elongated (1—3 x 1 cm.) and about 1 or 1| mm. thick, surface even 
or subtuberculose, closely papillate from the abundant ostiola, which are 
surrounded by an annular depressed area as in H. marginatum and II. 
annulatum , smaller, however, as well as the perithecia themselves than in 
either of these species; asci narrow-cylindrical, about 40 x 4 y (p. sp.); 
sporidia oblong-elliptical, uniseriate, 4—5 x H—2 p, pale brown, some¬ 
times a little bulging on one side; perithecia monostichous, I mm. or less 
in diam. The general appearance is that of 11. rubiginosum , from which 
as well as from the two above-named species it is distinguished by its 
much smaller sporidia. The specimens in Rav. F. Am. are labeled II. 
marginatum , Sz., but they can not possibly be that species. 
Hypoxylon callostroma, Schw.—Syn. N, Am., No. 1208. On 
wood and bark of Laurus aestivalis , Eethlehem, Fa. (Schweinitz). Irreg¬ 
ularly effused, 2—3 inches long and wide, or in subturbinate groups of 
smaller size and seriately arranged but not really confluent, in this case 
resembling H. turbinulatum. The effused specimens resemble at first 
sight some simple Sphceria with large perithecia closely crowded 
