14 
CRYSTALLIZATION IN ROCKS. 
Jan., 1890. 
quaries have traced it all the way from Cornwall to Lincoln. 
But the Roman road best known to dwellers in Birming¬ 
ham is the Iclmield Street (or Ryknield Street as it is some¬ 
times called to distinguish it from another road of the same 
name). It enters the county in the south at Bidford, and 
runs nearly due north through Birmingham (where one long 
street still bears the name), to meet the Watling Street at 
Wall (the Roman station of Etocetum), near Lichfield. For 
three miles in Sutton Park, on the north of Birmingham, the 
line of this fine old road is quite distinct as to direction, 
width, and level, although it is, of course, grass-covered. 
Beyond Warwickshire, this Ryknield Street extended to Glou¬ 
cester and St. Davids in the one direction, and to the Humber 
and thence to the Tyne in the other. 
Besides the Roman roads, practically the only certain 
traces left of the Romans in Warwickshire are the Roman 
rectangular camps or fortified stations at Manduessedum 
(close to Mancetter), and at Oldbury, in the same district; 
with another at Chesterton, on the Fosse-Way, six miles 
south-east of Warwick. These camps are well-defined grassy 
mounds or “walls” of earth, enclosing a large central area. 
They will not be easy to photograph, and the best time for 
securing their outlines will probably be either early or late 
in the day, when shadows will accentuate their outlines. 
Other important Roman stations are believed to have 
existed at Presidium (Warwick), Tripontium (Cave’s Inn, 
near Rugby), Adauna (Alcester), Bennones or Vennones (High 
Cross or Cloudesley Bush). 
Roman remains, coins, pottery, etc., have also been dug 
up at Brinklow, Monk’s Kirby, and Wibtoft. These latter 
relics appear to have been dispersed, and are probably now 
lost to us. They could all have been preserved and collected 
for purposes of study by their reproduction by photography. 
In the Warwick Museum there is a Roman tomb or sarco¬ 
phagus, found near Alcester. 
( To be continued.) 
THE PROCESSES OF CRYSTALLIZATION IN ROCKS.* 
BY T. H. WALLER, B.A., B.SC. 
The following notes are an attempt to gather into a short 
compass a description of the various results, both in character 
and texture, of the solidifying of a melted mass consisting of 
* Read before the Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical 
Society, January 25th, 1887 
