AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
FOR THE 
Farm, GrarcLen, and. Honseliold. 
“AOKIOCLTUKE 18 THE MOST lIEALTItFUI,, MOST USEFUL, AXI> MOST NOBLE EMPLOYMENT OF MAN.^-WAOHraaToii. 
ORANGE A.M., 
PUBLISHEK AND PKOPRIETOR. 
OJIice, 41 Psirk Row, (Times Buildings.) 
ESTABLISHED IH 1842. 
Pablislied also in German at Two Dollars a Year. 
1 SI.50 PER ARTTtJM, ADVANCE 
j SINGLE NUMBER, 15 CENTS. 
' 4Coi>ies forS5; 10for .^13; 80or more. $ 1 each 
VOLUME XXIV—No. 8. 
NEW-YORK, AUGUST. 1865. 
NEW SERIES—No. 223. 
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1S64, by 
Orange Judd, in the Clerk’s OlUce of the District Court of 
the United States for tlie Southern District of New-York. 
5^ Other Journals are invited to copy desirable articles 
freely, lyeach article be credited to A7nerican AffricuUiiri-st. 
Contents for August, 1865. 
American Extravagance in Living.254 
Barn Plans Wanted—$300 Premium Offered.239 
Bees—Apiary in August.236 
Blackberry Wine and Syrup.254 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Notes on Getting Fire— 
Boy in a Predicament—Proper Musical Instrument 
—President Lincoln's Sympathy—The Hurt Chicken 
—Problems and Puzeles—Who are the Benevolent ? 
—Arkwright and the Spinning Jenny—The Old Flag 
in Baltimore—Good and Bad Ajiples—A German 
Tradition.5 Illustrations. .2^5-256 
Bread, etc., from Wheaten Meal.... 254 
Breeding Animals—Slaughter of.247 
Cows—Maintaining Full Flow of Milk.243 
Cranberry Cultivation—Practical Experience.250 
Doors—Remedy for Sagging.254 
Exhibitions—Times and Placesof Holding.258 
Farm Work in August. 253 
Fences and Highway Cattle. ... .242 
Flower Garden and Lawn in August.235 
Fly Poison-A Caution.254 
Fruit Garden in August.235 
Garden-Kitchen in August.234 
German AgricuUuri.st—Terms Changed.239 
Grain Cradles—Best Form..2 Illustrations. 
Grain—Different Modes of Binding. Illustrated. .2i6 
Grain—Raking and Binding,....246 
Grape Vines—New Disease.251 
Grape Vines—Pot, and Open Culture.2/Nusfrafions. .249 
Grapes—Cold Grapery in August..........235 
Green and Hot-Houses in August.. .. 235 
Harvest—Securing. Illustrated. .248 
Harvest Time Now and Formerly. 247 
Hay—Carrving by Hand. Ilhistrated. .2ii 
Hay-Fork for Oxen—Hutchinson’s. Illustrated. .2ii 
Manure Tank and Cesspool. Illustrated. .245 
Market Report and Commercial Notes.258 
Notes and Suggestions for August.233 
Orchard and Nursery in August. 234 
Peas—Harvesting. 243 
Pickles—Notes on Making..253 
Plow—Attachment for Turning Weeds.. Illustrated. .2ii 
Plow—Hutchinson’s Improved.2 Illustrations. .245 
Plowing Green <3rops for Manure. Illustrated..244 
P. O. Money Orders—Where Given.239 
Poultry-Group of Asiatic Fowls. Illustrated. .241 
Recipes—Soft Sorghum Cake—Gingerbread—Extra 
Pudding—Egg Puffs-Steamed Indian Pudding—To 
Remove Lime Spots from Cloth—To Prevent Stoves 
Rusting—'To Keep Steel from Rusting.254-235 
Recreation and Visiting among Farmers.253 
Salting Stock, and Salting Hay.240 
Sanitary Commission and the People.233 
Sheep Laurel iKalmia angusti/olia) . Illustrated. .249 
Sheep—Management of Hoof Rot......242 
Shrub—Double Deutzia. Illustrated. .252 
Soda Wash for Fruit Trees.253 
g„il—Keep Beston the Surface. Illustrated..242 
Sorghum as a Green Fodder Crop.240 
Strawberries—Notes on.252 
Trees—Felling; Problems Proposed..../Hustrafed..240 
Turnips Sown in August.241 
Weed—Field Horse Tail.4 Illustrations. .250 
Weed—Toad Flax. Illustrated. .252 
Western Agriculture. 246 
INDEX TO “ BASKET,” OB SHORTEB ARTICLES. 
Advertising Pages.236 
Agricultural Report.237 
Agriculture at Yale.236 
Ant Hills.238 
Barnum’s Display.239 
Bees, Italianizing.238 
Blackberry, Wilson.237 
Black Knot.237 
Cabbag; Seed.237 
Canker Worms.238 
Catalogues Received....239 
ciiurn, Best.237 
Churning.237 
Currants, Dried..238 
Currants, Large.237 
Currant Worm.237 
Death, A. O. Moore.237 
Death, Buckminster ... 239 
Death, J. Paxton. .237 
Fair American Inititute 236 
Fair, Notices.239 
Farms, Locating.237 
Flag Leek.237 
Foreign Intelligence....237 
Frog Exhibition.237 
Fruit Jars.....237 
Grape Mildew.237 
Grapes, Fine.239 
(irapes, Iona, Israella...237 
Grapes, Training.239 
Horticultural Humbug..237 
Horticultural Register. .2.37 
Hyacinths, Pruning.239 
Leaky Teats.23S 
Live Oak.23* 
Manures, Phosphatic_238 
Merchants’ Exchange 17.238 
Milk. Cooling.239 
Pe.ach. Hale’s.....239 
Plants Named.239 
Potato Beetle...239jStrawberrv Queries.237 
Potatoes, Productive....238 Strawberries in Englaiul.237 
Shingles, Laying.23S|S«ill Fermenled.2.39 
Silk Worms in France,.238|Teats, Removing...237 
Soldiers’ Claims.236 Tomato Seed.237 
Sorgo Machinery.237|Thrips or Fritters.237 
Steel Traps_.’..238lWheat. Boughton.......238 
Stings, Remedy.238lWorld’s Fair.236 
Notes and Suggestions for the Month. 
August is often a very pleasant, but often a 
distracting month for the farmer. The summer 
may just begin to he very liard upon the pas¬ 
tures and crops. Wells and springs may he 
very low. Or rains and mucky weatlier may 
rust the grain, and must tlie hay and liinder woilc 
dreadfully, and many things maybe perplexing 
and making extra work. Summer fruit is rip¬ 
ening, and fruit orchards need particular 
attention. Gunners and flocks of neighbors’ 
turkeys are trespassing, paying little heed to the 
laws they break or the damage they do. The 
farmer has emphatically his hands full—so 
many “irons in the fire” that some will burn 
unless lie uses patience, promptness and discrim¬ 
ination, and is not worried by unavoidable 
circumstances, however annoying. 
Cows. —Read the article on maintaining the 
flow of milk on another page. Farrow cows, 
that are to be fattened in the fall, should he 
dried off at once, so that they may get in good 
condition before cool weather. It is folly to 
think of fattening an old, farrow cow while she 
is milked. To dry a cow off in the shortest 
time, milk only enough to relieve a painful dis¬ 
tention of her udder. This will soon prevent 
the secretion of milk. 
Calves. —Wean calves gradually. Restrict 
their allowance to one teat per day. Then al¬ 
low them to suck only a part of the milk in one 
teat. After a few days longer, let them suck 
only once a day for a week. Then, once in two 
days for a week; then once in three days. By 
this time, if they have been managed as directed 
on page 169 of the June number, they may be 
weaned with little disturbance from either dam 
or calf, and without growing poor, as they al¬ 
ways do, when weaned abrupt!}’. 
Colts. —Spring colts as well as calves should 
be weaned generally in August. Confine them 
in a small, clean enclosure, where they cannot 
run much; asd let them suck twice a day; 
then once; then once in two days; then once 
in three days. See that colts and calves do not 
lack a good supply of clean water and good 
grass, or fine hay, and salt. 
Corn. —Indian corn is now too large to allow a 
horse-hoe among it. Pull up all weeds and 
thistles near the hills, and set erect those stalks 
that wind and storms have prostrated, and hill 
them sufficiently to keep them up. The brace 
roots will soon hold them, and the ears will fill 
much better than if they were lying down. It 
is always important to attend to this work be¬ 
fore the brace roots are formed. 
Carrots. —Suffer no weeds to grow among 
them. Stir the ground frequently between the 
rows, and if they need manure, apply it in a 
liquid state with a watering pot, while rain is 
falling, so that it will not injure the leaves. 
Ashes .—Save wood as well as coal ashes. At 
some asheries, the leaches are shoveled into a 
river. It will pay well to collect them in large 
heaps, and cover the wet ashes with boards so 
that they will dry out by next winter, when 
teams may haul them to the fields where they 
are to be spread. They are greatly valued in 
the older parts of the country, and sliould be. 
Aiiples. —Confine swine or sheep in apple or¬ 
chards to consume the wormy fruit as it falls, 
before the larvae escape. Picking it up by hand 
every few days, and burning or burying in a 
heap of compost with lime, will destroy them. 
Buildings .—Examine the roofs for leaks. A 
crack in a shingle directly over a joint in the 
course next below it, frequently lets rain 
through the roof where shingles are good. A 
heavy coat of coal tar applied to a roof will 
sometimes stop all leaks. Fasten all loose 
boards and siding on houses and out-buildings 
before they become more warped and looser. 
Barley .—Secure it from alternate storms and 
sunshine, if possible, before the straw is nearly 
spoiled for fodder, and the grain injured by 
wetting and drying. Secure barley straw, as 
soon as threshed, for fodder. 
Butter. —See that all milk vessels are well 
scalded and sunned without fail, daily. Where 
cream cannot be churned daily, keep it cool as 
possible with ice. Work thoroughly, salt well, 
and sprinkle a spoonful of clean white sugar 
between the layers, as they are packed. See 
that milkers clean not only the udder and adja¬ 
cent parts, and their hands also before milking. 
Braining. — Improve the dry weather in 
draining swamps and springy places, where 
there is so much water at other seasons of the 
year, as to hinder digging. Fill ditches already 
dug, before fall rains occur. 
Eave Troughs. —Where the water is not col 
lected in cisterns, give eave troughs a liberal 
smearing with coal tar, whether metallic or 
wood. See that water and dirt do not stand in 
them in fair weather. Put up eave trouglis to 
carry water from manure yards, as well as 
from the walls on which a building rests. 
Eggs. —Collect them daily. Change tlie nest 
eggs often. An egg will be spoiled by allowing 
it to remain in a nest for a few days, wliere 
bans are laying. Put them little end down m 
oats in a cool, but not damp, place. Go into 
a dark room and pass the eggs, two or three it 
each hand, before a lamp; and if the shells are 
clean, bad ones can be detected at once. 
Eood.—Farmers pay too little attention tc 
their daily food. A laborer can not long en¬ 
dure very hard work unless he is fed well 
