1865. 
AMERICAN AG-RICULTURIST, 
Q67 
Chrysanthanums.—lhm out the weak shoots. 
Pot some of the best for house bloomius- They 
will wilt some when first lifted, but if kept iii 
the shade, they wilt soon recover and bloom finely. 
Dahlias. —These are in full bloom, and care is to 
be taken that the autumn.at gales do not make 
havoc with their tender stems. Large branches 
will frequently split off by their own weight; put 
in extra stakes if needed, and make thorough work 
with tying. Remove the flowers as soon as they 
pass their prime, and cut out all imperfect buds. 
Oladioluses.—K^Q^ the stems well tied up and 
cut off the spikes as soon as the flowers fade. 
Lawns. —Mow occasionally. If there are weeds 
eradicate them. Sow seed on thin or bare spots. 
Pere7inials and Biennials. —Sow seed in well pre¬ 
pared soil early this month, as noted on page 282. 
Pits. —If there is no flower pit for wintering half 
hardy plants, one can be easily made. Dig a pit 
about 6 feet deep, wide enough to accomodate a 
hot-bed sash, and as long as convenient. Set posts 
in the corners and board up the sides, make all 
tight, and fit the sash to cover it with sufBcient 
slope to carry off rain. Roses, carnations and 
many other plants will winter safely in such a pit. 
Potted Plants.—As the nights become cool, the more 
tender ones are to be removed to the green house. 
Seeds. —Continue to save, as directed in last 
month’s calendar. Label as soon .as gathered. 
Oreeii and Mot Houses.— The build¬ 
ings should be made quite ready, as a sudden change 
in the weather may call them into requisition. 
Cleaning, painting, white-washing, and all repairs 
should be out of the way. Do all needed glazing, 
see that ropes and pulleys .are in running order, 
and that the healing apparatus is likely to last 
through the winter. Renew bark and saw-dust 
beds, and provide an ample store of coal, piots, and 
potting soil. Bring in the more tender plants as 
soon as the nights become cool. 
—Sow seeds in pots for winter flowering. 
Bulbs. —Pot Cape bulbs, as well as the different 
v.arieties of Cyclamens, Oxalis, etc. 
Callas. —A good supply of these is v.aluable for 
the decoration of the house. Divide and re-pot. 
Camelias. —Re-pot if they need it. Clean the foli¬ 
age with a wet sponge, and where flower buds 
have set too thickly remove a portion of them. 
Potting. —Take up those plants which were turn¬ 
ed out into the borders as it is desirable to pre¬ 
serve, or to have flower in-doors during winter. 
Dressing. —Pots which have been out of doors 
need to be ele.aued from accumulations of moss, etc., 
and the surface soil renewed. Stake, trim, re¬ 
move dead leaves, and put them in complete order. 
CoUl Grapery. —As with the exception 
of some very late sorts, the fruit is now ripe, there 
is nothing to be done except to keep the atmos¬ 
phere of the house dry. Ventilate freely, but close 
all up during the continuance of stormy weather. 
The Apiary for September. — Pre¬ 
pared by M. Quinlfy., by request. —A swarm of bees 
issuing with a young queen (that is a second 
swarm,) is liable to become queenless within a week 
or two after being hived. If the swarm is large, 
and honey abund.ant, the hive will be nearly filled. 
However large the sw.arm at first, but few bees 
will be left by the last of the month, and they are 
liable to be robbed as soon as honey fails in the 
flowers. Such should be removed now. Although 
it may contain sufficient stores for winter, it can 
never be made into a prosperous colony, as most 
of the combs will be composed of drone cells; 
consequently most of the bees raised will be drones. 
Much of the honey will equal that put in boxes, 
for the table. The few worker cells will mostly 
contain bee-bread, and be fit for nothing. All very 
weak stocks must now be taken care of if unable 
to defend their stores. If they possess means of 
defence, although unfit for winter, they may stand 
till October, that the remaining brood may hatch. 
Any person having a dozen healthy stocks, in mov¬ 
able-comb hives, has no excuse for having any 
such weak colonies, as with timely care in chang¬ 
ing combs, making the strong aid the weak, all 
can be made good. An old stock found queenless, 
with stores for winter, and uninjured by the worms 
may be m.ade prosperous by introducing bees and 
a queen from some inferior one. Expose no honey 
where bees can get at it, as it induces robbing. If 
it is desired to feed, put the honey upon some hive 
with a cover, to keep bees from it. The infection 
of foul brood is spread more at this season than at 
any other. In sections where it exists much care 
is necessary, and all affected colonies should now 
be removed. Where there is much of it, the col¬ 
ony appears much stronger than it really is. Strong 
stocks take advantage of the weaker ones, and 
carry off the honey, thus infecting all that partake 
of it. Every old hive, whether weak or otherwise, 
should be examined. All strong ones m.ay go till 
next month. Smoke and invert box hives, and 
open some of the oldest sealed brood-cells. If the 
bee is dark colored while in the larva;, it is dead, 
and not a particle of the honey in such hive should 
be allowed to be taken into healthy ones without 
being cleaned by scalding. If the combs are not 
too old, the honey stored near the outside and top 
is good for the table, but the combs near the mid¬ 
dle .and bottom have cells containing dead brood 
scattered through them, th.at cannot be easily sep¬ 
arated from the rest. It is best disposed of by 
burying. Remove all surplus boxes. Any honey 
left unsealed will be removed into the hive, as 
soon as flowers fail. If they have stored any sur¬ 
plus, they should have enough in the hive without 
appropriating any from the boxes. 
- » . — <» »- I »- 
The Russian Cattle Murrain. 
For some lime past there have been fears that the Rus¬ 
sian Murrain among neat cattle, which has been very 
destructive in Europe, and was grad\ially working 
westward, would cross the channel to England with the 
great number of beeves and veals brought from the con¬ 
tinent. There has been less danger of its comkig to 
America, because our importations have been Very small 
of late, owing to the high rate of exchange and gold. 
Now, however, as gold is lower, and we are beginning to 
import again, Alderneys, Ayrshires, etc., we hear of the 
breaking out of this terrible plague among the caltle of 
London and its neighborhood. On the 31st of July a 
meeting was held in London to consider this subject, and 
Professor Gamgee, whose writings on veterinary subjects 
have made him almost as well known in this country as 
Great Britian, made a statement of the origin and spread 
of this cattle plague in and about London, an abstract of 
which we give. All cattle brought to this country from 
abroad ought to be examined by a good veterinary phy¬ 
sician and quarantined if necessary. They are now 
subjected to no examination whatever, and ships are 
constantly arriving which bring cows for milk, and sell 
the same, by the way, as imported animals, as indeed they 
are, though probably not half so good as our own com¬ 
mon stock. Prof. Gamgee stated th.at: 
“ The first appearance of the malady, as far as it can be 
at present traced, dates back to June 27, when six cows, 
which had been purchased on the I9th in the Metropolitan 
Cattle Market, were seized with the disease in Mrs. 
Nicholl’s dairy, 15 Park place, Liverpool road, Islington, 
Circumstances favored the spread of the malady, as, al¬ 
though the six cows were placed in a quarantine shed, 
other cows happen to have been in the same place, and 
thus the malady was propagated. One hundred and fif¬ 
teen have died. It is impossible now to give the suc¬ 
ceeding outbreaks in order of time and without specially 
naming the cow-keepers. I may mention that the malady 
has been and is more particularly confined to the dis¬ 
tricts of Islington, St. Pancras, St. Marylebone, and Pad¬ 
dington. It is at the present moment raging severely in 
Marylebone, at Kilburn, Hendon, Hempstead and Syden¬ 
ham, and also it is said at Cheam, Surrey. Since Satur¬ 
day I have received information directly and indirectly, 
but chiefly from personal inquiries, concerning twelve 
distinct outbreaks. I shall state the particulars in the 
order in which I have gleaned them. 1. The first shed I 
visited was in Marylebone. Forty-five animals, in ap¬ 
parently the most perfect health, were in this yard on 
Thursday, the 20th. The owner had been to the Metro¬ 
politan Cattle .Market on the 14th or thereabouts, and 
was shown some cattle laboring under the disease. He 
approached them within a yard or two. hut feared to 
touch them. Within a week—viz ^ on Friday, tlie 21st, 
he noticed some of his animals sick, and saw they were 
laboring under the disease he had witnessed in the mar¬ 
ket. On Saturday he began to get rid of them, and sold 
twenty-eight by Tuesday, 25lli. The remainder of the 
stock was turned out in fields, 1 know not where, anu is 
said to be still healthy. 2. A cow-keejier in the immedi¬ 
ate neighborhood of the last one had .sixteen cows in 
perfect health, and lost the whole in a fortiught. 3. In 
an adjoining street a third dairyman had seventy cows 
distributed in variotis sheds, besides seventv in the coun¬ 
try. A cow was bought in the Metropolitan Cattle Mar¬ 
ket on the loth of July, and on the IBtli this animal 
showed signs of the disease. She had been placed in a 
shed with twenty-three others. Twelve were fat and 
were sold in the market before any sickness manifested 
itself on them. The other twelve were seized, including 
the newly-bought one, and of these eight have died and 
four are still living, but not at all likely to recover. As 
yet the remaining stock in distant sheds is in perfect 
health. 4. An extensive cow-kee|>er with a choice stock 
of seventy cows, purchased a Dutch beast nearly a 
month back. Within a few days it was affected, and the 
seventy animals were all seized within a fortnight. 1 saw 
three convalescent on Saturdav, but in a very reduced 
condition. 5. Near Cumberland market a dairyman hav¬ 
ing usually between forty and fifty cows, lost the whole 
within three weeks. 6. Another dairyman in the same 
neighborhood has the disease among his stock at the 
present moment. 7. In St. Pancras a dairyman has lost 
ten within a few days. 8. A cow-keeper in Camden 
Town had a stock of sixteen cows in perfect health in 
the early part of this month ; they all died in a fortnight. 
He fumigated and otherwise disinfected his shed, and 
bought six fresh animals, of which two are already dead. 
9. Near Willesden ailairyman has lost sixty-five animals 
within a fortnight.” The remedy he suggested was 
that they should adopt somewhat similar measures to 
those put in force when the small-pox broke out among 
the slieep in 1862, and which had the effect of success¬ 
fully checking the disease:—Flocks rigorously isolated 
for medical treatment or slaughter, pens disinfected, etc. 
The same high veterinary authority, after stating the 
facts of its being communicated by cars and vessels in 
which the stock has been conveyed, and which have not 
been properly cleaned thereafter, and of its being com¬ 
municated to cattle by sheep, though tlie latter are prob¬ 
ably not themselves affected, makes the following 
statement of the symptoms during the progress of the 
malady: “ The period of incubation of the disease is 
from four to ten days. When affected the animal gets 
dull and prostrate, shivering fits appear, there is costive¬ 
ness, red eyes, moutli hot, great thirst, etc. These pre¬ 
monitory symptoms are succeeded by violent tremblings, 
peculiar spasmodic agitation of the muscles, discharges 
from the eyes and nose, costiveness and diarrhtea. and 
sometimes the surface of the body is cold. These are 
some of the symptoms, beside which there is often a loss 
of power in the extremities. This stage lasts about two 
or three days, having all the appearance of a fever. 
Lastly, there is evidence of serious changes in the blood, 
manifested through the effect upon the nervous system, 
and the animal dies in convulsions. Those attacked be¬ 
come rapidly emaciated, the flanks sinking in. Some¬ 
times death occurs within two or three days, at others 
not until after a week, while the victim may linger three 
or four weeks. After death, most of the indications of 
typhoid fever in man are visible.” 
- - -—> — - 
The great Cheese Exhibition. 
The dairy interests of our country are annually be¬ 
coming more extensive and important. Thousands of 
intelligent and prosperous farmers are turning their at¬ 
tention and wealth every year into this channel. It is 
proposed by the N. Y. Stale Agricultural Society, to have 
the grandest display of dairy products at their fair at 
Utica, N. Y., Sept. 12th to 15th, that has ever been wit¬ 
nessed in America. A spacious, circular tent will be 
provided for the exhibition of clieese. Such cheeses, 
entered for this special display, are to be for exhibition 
only. No one will receive a prize ; though we presume 
it will not interfere with the award of the regular prizes 
of the Society. It is proposed that all tlie cheeses be 
arranged in groups by counties, each bearing the 
maker’s name. This arrangement appears to have the 
approbation of many of the leading cheese manufacturer* 
in the State, and it secures the active co-operation of the 
officers of the N. Y. State Cheese Manufacturer’s Associa¬ 
tion, whose President has issued a circular to the 
members to come up to the call. It is safe to conclude 
that the exhibition will add greatly to the interest of the 
State Fair, as well as give notoriety to American cheese 
dairies, for all cheese makers, both of other States and 
Canada, are invited to unite in making a display. 
