AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
FOR 
ITgurm, Gra-rcien, and. Idonseliold. 
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VOLUME XXIV-No. 10. NEW-YORK, OCTOBER, 1865. new SERIES-No. 225. 
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1864, by 
Obanqe Judd, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of 
the United States for the Southern District of New-Tork. 
Other Journals are invited to copy desirable articles 
freely, (/“each article be credited to American AgriculiiirieU 
Contents for October, 1865. 
Advice Asked and Given .... ...,.310 
Agricnltural Department at Washington—Strategy... 311 
Apple—The Porter.. ... ... ..Illustrated-.Z15 
Autumn Leaves and Fruits ...315 
Barnyard—Howto Make Good..................306 
Bees—A piary in October.... 299 
Bones—Colleciing and Grinding... ..305 
Boot Legs—Use for Old .318 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Enjoyments at Home— 
About Weights and Measures—Do you Know How 
to Read ?—Evading High Postage Rates—Puzzles 
and Problems—A Stitclirn Time—The Inventor of 
Sewing Machines—A Kind Act Rewarded—Portrait 
of Chief Justice Chase—Singular Features in a 
Landscape......4 //(MstraUoras..319-320 
Broom Com—Breaking Down and Cutting .307 
Buckwlieal—Harvesting. ..... ... Illustrated..310 
Bulbs—Notes on Spring Flowering 2 Illustrations..310 
Cabbages and Cauliflowers in Cold Frames.311 
Charlock or Field Mustard—Exterminating.....307 
Chee.se from Few Cows. .... .313 
Drains—Making with Plank...._2 Illustrations..300 
Embroidery—New and Beautiful...318 
Exliibition—N. Y. State Agricultural Society.304 
Exliibilions—Agr’l—Times and Places of Holding.... 301 
Farm Work In October................297 
Flies—To Get Rid of .. .......318 
Flower Garden and Lawn in October.290 
Flower Pits and Green-Houses... Illustrated. .311: 
Flowers —Datura arborea ... Illustrated. .313 
Fruit Garden in October...290 
Fruit Picking and Fruit Pickers....3 Illustrations. .305 
Garden Edgings—Plants for. .....313 
Garden-Kitchen in October.293 
Garden Ortiainent —Datura arborea . Illustrated. .313 
Glanders and Farcy—Symptoms of......Illustrated. .300 
Grapes atid Grape Culture—Notes on_........ .311 
Grapes—Cold Grapery in October......299 
Green and Hot-Houses in October.299 
Greeti Corn—To Remove from the Cob......,..313 
Knots—Bowlitic, Farmers’, etc. 6 Illustrations. .305 
Lavetider—Cultivation. Illustrated. .3\3 
Manure Pile—How to Increase...306 
Market Report and Commercial Notes....309 
Notes and Suggestions for October.297 
Olives and Olive Oil.._ Illustrated. .311 
Orchard and Nursery in October..........298 
Oxen Profitable Teams...308 
Painting old Wood Work....317 
Pear Culture—Is it Profitable?.........314 
Potatoes—How to Dig...... .307 
Poultry—Black Spanish Fowls. Illustrated. .300 
Premiums for 1806 .... 300 
Recipes, etc.—Bread at Sea—Christmas Pudding 
without Eggs—Hard Molasses Gingerbread—Mo¬ 
lasses Sponge Cake—To Clean Geese—Best Meth¬ 
od for Keeping Beef. 313 
Squash, New—Custard Marrow.....2 Illustrations. .311 
Tomato—Libel on. 318 
Trout and other Fish-Breeding,. 3 Illustrations. .312, 
Weed—The Indian Mallow........_ Illustrated. .311 
Wheat Plant—Habit of Growth. 2 Illustrations. .300 
Hotes and Suggestions for the Month. 
Grain has ripened and has been gathered hy 
the careful husbandman, seeds of wild plants 
neglected by man, are matured and being scat¬ 
tered, ready to be covered with faUing leaves, 
or already hidden in crevices of the soil, from 
which new life will awaken at the touch of 
Spring; insects have taken their winter-form ; 
the birds are hastening to more genial climates, 
and every thing warns the provident farmer to 
finish what yet remains under his hand. It is 
not too late to save much vexatious labor next 
year, hy cleaning np hedge rows, and clumps 
of weeds, which should be burned to destroy 
the ripened seeds. If crops are all housed, 
draining now where needed may give a week’s 
start in the season of plowing.—The present 
prices of grain may continue, but if gold comes 
down as it should, and ultimately must, those 
who have threshed and marketed their grain 
early, will have most satisfactory returns.— 
Thanksgiving is but few weeks distant, and the 
best fattened poultry will bring top prices. Let 
our readers take the hint, and have their tur¬ 
keys, chickens, geese and ducks ready. In fine 
“ What thy hand fincleth to do, do it with thy 
might,” for the chilling storms will soon herald 
the approach of Winter. 
Agricultural Reading .—days are now 
shortening and the nights lengthening. If a 
farmer is diligent and ambitious, lie can find 
at least a few hours daily, to read. 
AnirmU .—Feed fattening animals well this 
month, as they will fatten much faster before 
cold weather comes on. Store animals of all 
kinds also need particular attention, feed them 
well and protect them from storms. 
Barns .—See that no corner, or portion of the 
foundation rests on the ground, or is exposed to 
wet that will shortly cause decay. Sometimes 
a projecting corner stone will conduct rain in¬ 
wards against the sill, and rot it in a few years. 
Beans .—Read about beans in the calendar for 
summon all hands to the carrot patch and pull 
up every weed, and thin them where they 
stand too thick. Carrots will grow rapidly this 
month, if the soil is loosened and weeds pulled. 
Cows .—Milch cows will very likely need a 
little extra feed, or their full flow of milk may 
not he maintained. Let them have the benefit 
of the best pastures, when there is any choice. 
If fed four quarts of wheat bran or corn meal 
daily, or two quarts of the two mixed, the 
quantity of milk will be increased. 
Corn .—Cut up the stalks at the roots, before 
dead ripe; but before cutting go tlirough the 
field and select ears for seed, tying a red string 
around those ears that ripen first. If you desire 
.to procure seed of a neighbor, now is the best 
time to do it. Seed corn should never be set in 
large stocks, nor put in cribs with other ears. 
As soon as fit to husk, braid it by the husks 
in long strings, and suspend with wire, so that 
mice and red squirrels can not reach it. 
Draining .—Make as much under-drain this 
month as practicable. (See article on Draining 
with Planks on page 308.) 
Eave-TrotigJis .—Put up eave-troughs on every 
shed and building where there are none, and see 
that leaves and sediment do not obstruct them. 
Fences .—Repair poor, and low portions 
around grain fields, as animals—even when not 
unruly—are often tempted to get over a poor 
fence, if they see better feed on the other side 
Fallows .—Keep scarifiers moving on fallow 
ground to prevent weeds going to seed. 
Orain .—If tliresliing is to be done before 
winter, liave the grain in readiness to take ad¬ 
vantage of any temporary advance in prices. 
A few hours’ labor in putting grain through the 
fanning mill a second time, will sometimes in¬ 
crease its value 3 or 4 cents per bushel. 
Oranaries .—Give tliem a thorough cleaning 
before new grain is put into them. 
Gypsum may be sowed in. the early part of 
this month on winter grain, or young grass. 
INDEX TO “ BASKET,” OB SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Advertisements. Note.. .304 
Ag’l Colleges in South..303 
Agr’l Depnitment .303 
Bees, Prolific Queen...302 
Blackberry Vines.301 
Bone Cliarcoal.302 
Box Substitute.303 
Buckwheat Mulch.302 
Bulb Catalogues.303 
Bushel, Contents of.303 
Cabbage, Large .303 
Chicken, Hrecocious.. .302 
Ciller, Good...304 
Columbine Seeds Fotson303 
Corn, Tall . ...303 
Currant Worms.303 
Dahlia Seed, Sowing_303 
Death. W. J, Hooker.. .303 
Draining Ciay Soil.302 
Feed, Mixing Cut.302 
Flow'er Seed, Prize. ....303 
Eucalyptus resinifera...303 
Fruit House, Detroit.. .303 
Grapes, Fine Delaware, 302 
Grapes, Preserving.302 
Heaves, Remedy for. ...302 
Hellebore, White, Black. 303 
Hollyhocks, Keeping... .303 
Hog Disease in Virginia.309 
Honey Humbug...304 
Humbug, New.. 303 
III. State Fair.....304 
Kosmos, Humbug.301 
Lard&Tobacco on Trees302 
Lilies, 20,000.......303 
Live Stock Markets.304 
N. E. Ag’l Fair.304 
N. E. Wool Growers.. ..304 
N. Y. State Fair..304 
O. Judd & Co.301 
Osage Orange Seed.303 
Poultry Re|)orts.302 
Premium, Note.304 
Professor Tucker..... ..303 
Radish Culture...303 
Sec’s Ag’l Societies......303 
isod, Renovating Barren.302 
Soot as Manure... .302 
Sorghum. Early Kind.. .303 
Stocks, Wild Cherry... .302 
Tree Digger, Harkness’.302 
Verbenas, Seedling .... .303 
Veterinary College......302 
Wine Making.. 304 
last month, and gather all that may yet re¬ 
main in the field ■without delay. 
Beets .—Pull up all small ones where they 
stand nearer than six inches from center to 
center. They are excellent food either boiled, 
or pickled, and are good for milch cows. 
Butter .—Now is the best time to pack butter 
for next winter. See that jars, or tubs are 
thoroughly cleansed. A spoonful of clean, 
white sugar to a pound of butter, put in at the 
last working, will improve the quality even of 
good butter, and cause it to bring a higher price. 
Calves and Colts .—Give colts and calvss good 
feed, access to salt and pure water daily, and a 
shed during cold storms. It is ruinous policy 
to allow young animals to grow poor in autumn. 
Ca/rrots ,—When a leisure hour is available, 
May Stacies .—See that every stack turns the 
rain well. If they need re-topping, procure 
some long straw, if possible, to cover the toj). 
(Read about topping off stacks in Sept, number.) 
Horses .—Let working horses be stabled dar¬ 
ing cold and stormy nights. They will not eat 
grass all night. When they work all day, turn 
them to grass two hours at night, and early in 
the morning, and they will do better, and not 
destroy half as much grass with their feet. 
One cold and stormy night in October ivill in¬ 
jure a tender horse more than a month’s woi’k. 
Hogs .—Feed well ivith cooked meal and fruit, 
or vegetables. Let fattening swine and brood 
sows have access, at all times, to clean water, 
dry apartments, and a small plot of clean and 
dry ground. Swine are naturally much neatei 
in their habits than horses and neat cattle. 
