110 
JOURNAL OF MYCOLOGY. 
[Vol. Ill, No. 10, 
apices of the clubs divided into 2—3 short branches, and in others again 
there are two or three distinct clubs arising from the same stem, erect 
and parallel. The color is at first white, becoming black at maturity. 
The stem, both in the Carolina and Pennsylvania specimens, is nearly 
or quite smooth above, but the rooting base is covered with a ferruginous 
tomentum (which may perhaps have been black in the fresh specimen.) 
25. Xylaria HY r POXY’LON (Linn.) Grev. Flor. Ed., p. 355. Nits. 
Pyr. Germ., p. 5. Clavaria Hypoxylon , Linn. FI. Suec., Ed. II, p. 457. 
Sphoeria Hypoxylon , Pers. Obs. Myc. I, p. 20. On decaying wood and 
bark, common throughout. 
Stroma erect, compressed, dilated and variously divided and branched 
above, more rarely round and simple; stem covered with a black, hersuto- 
tomentose coat; perithecia ovate-globose, prominent, investing and 
roughening the upper part of the stroma, but leaving the tips of the 
branches sterile ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored, on oblong pedicels, spore¬ 
bearing part 65—75 p long; sporidia navicular-ellipsoid, inequilateral, 
obtuse, 10—12 x 31—5 p (12—14 x 5-6 /-*, Sacc.) As might be expected in 
a species having so wide a range, many different forms occur. Around 
Newfield, where it is very common on decaying stumps, railroad ties 
and pieces of wood decaying on the ground, it is usually found about one 
inch high, generally divided a little above the middle into 2—3 somewhat 
spreading branches. The hymenial surface is at first whitened by the 
minute, subf usoid conidia. Oftener than otherwise, the plants dry up in 
this conidial stage and remain permanently white (the tips of the branches 
having a faint rosy tint) without ever reaching the ascigerous state. The 
same observation applies to the West Chester specimens, except that 
they seem to be generally a little larger. A dwarf form has been found 
at Newfield on an old oak log, in which the stem is only from £—1 cm. 
high and the fertile head about 2x1 millim., with only a very short, 
obtusely-pointed, sterile apex. The fruit and other characters are the 
same as in the usual form. The dwarf form must come very near the 
variety cupressiformis, Pers., if not the same. Specimens from British 
Columbia, sent by Prof. John Macoun, of the Canadian Geol. and Nat. 
Hist, survey, are 5—8 cm. high, with the stem distinctly rooting, 2—3 
millim. thick and the fertile part flattened and dichotomously divided 
into 3—6 short (one half cm.), acute lobes or branches ; some of the spec¬ 
imens, however, were entirely simple. In all these different forms, there 
is hardly any appreciable variation in the size or shape of the sporidia, 
which average about 10 x 4 p. 
26. Xylaria subterranea, Schw. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 
Vol. Y, tab. 1, fig. 3; Syn. N. Am., No. 1,162. 
Stroma filiform (3—6 inches long), simple or branched, dark brown 
or more or less hirsute-tomentose below, becoming finally nearly smooth; 
perithecia 250—300 p in diameter, depressed-globose, with a short, acute 
ostiolum, investing the upper half of the stroma, except the paler, sterile 
apex; asci long and narrow, with a slender, pedicellate base (spore¬ 
bearing part about 80 P long); sporidia uniseriate, oblong-navicular or 
