148 
AMERICAN ACRICULTURIST, 
[Apkil. 
dipped for a minute or two into the galvanic silver¬ 
ing solution, giving it a perfect but very thin coat. 
The truth is, that a very large proportion of 
the plated ware sold, is but very slightly coated. A 
silver dollar can, by the above plating process, be 
so spread out as to give an actual silver covering to 
thousands of yards of surface, while by a continua¬ 
tion of the same process, it may all be deposited on a 
square inch. The thickness of the layer depends 
wholly upon the will of the manufacturer. Silver 
deposited at the rate of half an ounce (.50 cents) on 
a gross (141) Teaspoons, will allow burnishing the 
same as pure silver. The ordinary cheap plated 
ware runs to 1 ounce to the gross. Common 
foil- plate is 3 ounces to the gross. Good plate 4 
ounces. The best plate, or “ Sheflield Plate ” is at 
the rate of 8 ounces of silver to 13 dozen teaspoons. 
This, on white metal, will wear next to solid silver; 
and as the work is but slightly increased in making 
the best, this is by far the cheapest to purchase. 
The plain inference from the above is, that it is 
only safe to purchase such ware of men w'cll known 
for integrity and reliability. In this, as in all other 
departments of trade, integrity and genuine Chris¬ 
tian irrinciple are of the highest importance to the 
business man himself, and to his customers. 
In buying plated w'are, it is important not only to 
obtain a good thick plate that will endure wear, but 
also to secure the body or base metal as near like 
silver as possible. The best plating will in time 
wear off at the corners, or at points where it is 
most exposed. If the base metal be copper, brass, 
or inferior German silver, the least abrasion of the 
silver coat will be showm ; while on a white base, 
the loss of the silver coating will not be noticed, 
except upon careful inspection. A white metal, 
well xffated, is only second in value to a solid silver 
article. The same remarks apply to gilded, as to 
silvered articles. (The Tea Sets, in our Premium 
list, were offei'ed with the greater confidence, be¬ 
cause we know the manufacturer, and because they 
are plated upon a very white metal.) 
Teach the Children to Draw. 
Nearly all children show a propensity to make 
pictures on their slates, or on pieces of paper. This 
should be encouraged. It should not be allowed 
to engross time devoted to other school lessons, 
but should come in rather as recreation. Their 
pictures will doubtless at first be rather uncouth— 
houses top-sided and topsy-turvy, trees stiff and 
dead, the men and women any thing but ideals of 
grace and beauty. You may smile at these rude 
beginnings, but don’t discourage them. One or 
more of these children may develop into artists of 
eminence; and all of them may at least become 
men and women of taste and judgment. 
This fondness for drawing should be guided by a 
teacher. Give the pupils a few elementary lessons. 
First, teach them to draw straight lines, and then 
to connect them into squares, triangles, etc. Next, 
teach them to make curves, circles, etc. Proceed 
from this to making fences, houses, trees, animals, 
rocks, and the like. The majority of the pupils will 
not care to go any further in “ the fine art.” A few, 
however, will go on, and go beyond the lead of 
parent and school-teacher; they will need no 
further encouragement: indeed, you cannot Hold 
them back. Watch the career of such, and you ere 
long may perhaps hear of the exploits of a 
Cole, a Dur.and, a Kensett, or a Iluutington. 
Yet it is not so much after all for these geniuses 
that we would urge giving attention to drawing, as 
for the majority, who will thereby learn to observe, 
will cultivate their ideas of proportion, fitness and 
beaut}'. The mechanic, the farmer, every man of 
business, has frequent occasion to make drawings 
of objects, and it is of great value to him to be able 
to do so without employing a professional draughts¬ 
man. Almost every body travels now-a-days, and 
it is very useful and jileasaut to be able to make 
sketches of the scenery through which one is pas¬ 
sing, even if it be but in outline. By all means, let 
the children draw, and teach them how to do it. 
Vinegar from Sorghum. 
J. S. Coies,of New Jersey, writes to the American 
Agriculturist; “ Some five or six years ago I raised 
a lot of cane for the purpose of making molasses, 
but as we had no Evpaorators here then, we did 
not succeed in making a good article. I let one 
barrel (38)^ gals.) of the juice as it came from the 
cane remain in the barrel for nearly a year without 
examining it, when I found it to be fair vinegar; 
the next summer it was a splendid article. We 
put up our pickles, peppers, tomatoes, etc., with 
it, and it kept them well. We h.ave been using it 
ever since with equal success; for table use wo 
weaken with water, as it is too sour of itself.” 
Cellars I*oisomoas. —At this season of the 
year, it should be specially remembered that the 
cellar of a dwelling house is very likely to be a 
source of disease to the whole family. The rem¬ 
nants of vegetables stored during the winter begin 
to decay on the approach of warm weather, and the 
exhalations from these, with the chilly dampness, 
are liable to produce sickness. Many a family has 
attributed to “ Providence” the disease caused by 
the poisonous miasms arising from the neglected 
cellar. Every cellar should at all times be kept 
clean by the removal of all vestiges of decaying 
vegetables, fruits, and food. A coat of strong lime 
white-wash upon the walls and ceiling, at least 
once a year, or better twice a year, will add greatly 
not only to the healthfulness of the cellar, but 
will also make it much lighter and more cheerful. 
^ a-^ ti 'ii I I) ci i ■ 
UailsoltesI Flotii* <l»e Most Moalali- 
fsjl.—Having been raised in a good wheat country, 
we can not well overcome an early attachment to 
“ mother’s nice white bread.” Yet science pkainly 
teaches that the most healthful bread is made from 
wheat ground without separating the bran. The 
coarser portions of the bran keeps the finer particles 
of flour separated, so that the gastric juice of the 
stomach more re.adily penetrates and dissolves the 
mass, and hence is better for digestion. These 
coarser particles also promote the healthful action 
of the intestines, and prevent constipation, which 
is one of the prolific causes of disease in these days. 
It would be far better, doubtless, if every flour bolt 
were removed from our grist-mills, and people 
consumed the meal of the whole wheat kernels, 
just as the several parts are combined naturally. 
Taste depends mainly upon habit; those .accus¬ 
tomed to the unbolted flour eat it with a relish. 
Talaaeof Apples «s Fooal. —Liebig says : 
“ The importance of apples as food has not hitherto 
been sufficiently estimated or understood. Besides 
contributing a large proportion of sugar, mucilage, 
and other nutritive compounds in the form of food, 
they contain such a fine combination of vegetable 
acids, extractive substances, and aromatic prin¬ 
ciples, with the nutritive matter, as to act power¬ 
fully In the capacity of refrigerants, tonics, .and 
antiseptics, .and when freely used, at the season of 
ripeness, by rural laborers and others, they prevent 
debility, strengthen digestion, correct the putrefac¬ 
tive tendencies of nitrogenous food, avert scurvy, 
and probably maint.ain and strengthen the power 
of productive labor.”—The same qualities are found 
in most other ripe fruits.— Suggestion. To day 
wo bought at a fruit stand an apple of moderate 
size and of fair eating (piality, for which we paid 
five cents. Will it not pay to plant more apple 
trees, so long as the short supply enables retailers 
to get half a dime .apiece, even in scarce seasons ? 
4's*aMl»eri*y SaMCC.—To3 quarts cranber¬ 
ries c.arefully picked over, well mashed and drained, 
and placed in a kettle, add 3 quarts of crushed or 
best Santa Cruz sugar ; add 1 quart boiling water; 
stew them quickly till they are thoroughly cooked; 
turn them into moulds, if you choose. Do not stir 
them while cooking, but shake the kettle round. 
Put alternately fruit and sug.ar. It is a great mis¬ 
take to cook them till they lose their splendid color. 
mYB h (B(D]L¥MMg» 
The CraiHe of* Cheefeers or I>raiig'Iats. 
Historical. —{Continued frompage. 107.)—The modern 
Egyptians, who use i>ieces similar to their predecessors, 
play the game as in this country and Great Britain. By 
the Greeks, the invention of Draughts, as well as of dice, 
and many other things, was poetically ascribed to Pala- 
medes, one of the heroes in the expedition against Troy, 
1193 B. C. Plato, however, altributes the invention to 
the Egyptian,ITlieuth. Homer, in the Odyssey describ¬ 
ing Minerva's arrival at the palace of Ulysses, in Ithaca, 
says ; “ There site found the haugiity suitors, some of 
them were amusing themselves before the gates, with 
Draughts setting upon the hides of oxen tiiey had stolen. 
LAWS OF THE GAME. —{Continued from page 107.) 
10. After the first move has been made, if either play¬ 
er arranges any piece, without giving intimation to his 
opponent, he shall forfeit the game ; but, if it is his turn 
to play, he may avoid the penalty by playing that piece, 
if possible. 
11. After the pieces have been arranged, if tire person 
whose turn it is to play, touch one, he must play it or 
forfeit the game. When the piece is not playable, he 
forfeits according to the preceding law. 
12. If any part of a playable piece be played over 
an angle of the square on which it is stationed, the play 
must be completed in that direction. 
POSITION NO. 4.— TO BE WORKED OUT. 
Black. 
White. 
White to play and win. 
Solution to Position No. 3. (See March No., page 107.) 
Black. 
White. 
Black. 
White. 
1— 1 to 
5 
8 
to 11 
22—24 
to 27 
2S 
(o 24 
2— 5 “ 
9 
11 
“ 15 
23—27 
“ 32 
24 
" 28 
3— 9 “ 
14 
13 
“ 11 
24—32 
“ 27 
28 
32 
4—14 “ 
18 
n 
“ 16 
2.j—27 
“ 24 
32 
“ 28 
5—18 “ 
15 
16 
“ 20 
26—24 
“ 19 
28 
“ 32 
C — 15 “ 
11 
29 
•“ 24 
27—19 
“ 15 
32 
“ 28 
7— 3 “ 
7 
24 
“ 19 
28—15 
” 10 
28 
“ 24 
8— 7 “ 
10 
19 
“ 23 
29—10 
“ 6 
24 
“ 19 
9—10 “ 
15 
23 
“ 27 
30—14 
“ 10 
19 
“ 24 
iO-15 “ 
19 
27 
“ .32 
31—10 
” 15 
24 
“ 28 
11—19 “• 
24 
32 
“ 2S 
32 — 15 
“ 19 
28 
“ 32 
12—24 “ 
27 
28 
“ 32 
33-19 
“ 24 
32 
“ 28 
13—27 “• 
31 
32 
“ 28 
34—11 
“ 16 
28 
19 
14--3I “ 
27 
28 
“ 32 
35—16 
“ 23 
12 
8 
15—27 “ 
23 
32 
“ 28 
36—23 
“ IS 
8 
“ 4 
16—23 *• 
18 
28 
.< 24 
37—18 
a j4 
4 
8 
17—18 “ 
14 
24 
“ 19 
33— 6 
“ 1 
8 
11 
IS— 6 “ 
10 
19 
“ 23 
39—14 
“ 9 
13 
“ 6 
19—10 “ 
15 
23 
a 27 
40— 1 
“ 10 
11 
“ 16 
20—15 “ 
19 
27 
“ 32 
41-10 
“ 15 
16 
“ 20 
21—19 “ 
24 
32 
“ 28 
42—15 
" 19 and wins.(a) 
(a) It requires every move made in the solution lo 
win. Various stages of this position frequently occur, 
but this is jilaced far back purposely; 
GAME NO. 4.—-LAIRD AND LADY OPENING {*) 
Black. 
1—11 to 
15 
WhitCi 
23 10 19 
Black. 
20— 0 lo 10 
(s-iai 
White, 
to 24 
2— 8 “ 
11 
22 
17 
21—11 
15 
3 
a 7 
3— 9 “ 
13 
17 
14 
22-10 
*• 
14 
19 
“ 10 
4—14 “ 
17 
21 
a ],1 
23- 8 
11 
7 
“ 16 
5—15 “ 
18 
26 
“ 23 
24—12 
“ 
28 
10 
“ 6 
6-13 “ 
17 
19 
“ 15 
25—23 
“ 
32 
6 
a .j 
7— 4 “ 
8 
(a)-J4 
“ 19 
26—32 
“ 
28 
2 
■■ 6 
S— 6 “ 
9 
‘-'8 
“ 24 
27—14 
18 
6 
10 
9— 2 “ 
6 
(5)25 
a oj 
28—13 
23 
10 
'• 14 
10— 9 “ 
13 
(cj32 
“ 23 
29—23 
27 
31 
a ._,4 
11-17 “ 
22 
15 
•• 10 
30—28 
“ 
19 
11 
“ 17 
12— 6 “ 
15 
19 
10 
51-22 
26 
30 
“ 16 
13—11 “ 
15(d) 
24 
“ 19 
32—13 
22 
16 
11 
14—15 “ 
24 
28 
“ 19 
33—22 
4( 
26 
11 
a 7 
15— 7 
II 
(e)14 
9 
34—26 
( ( 
30 
7 
a o 
16— 5 
14 
10 
“ '7 
.35—30 
“ 
26 
2 
“ 6 
17— 3 “ 
10 
21 
a ]7 
36 — 26 
22 
6 
“ 9 
18—14 ” 
21 
23 
“ 7 
37-21 
“ 
25 
9 
“ 13 
19— 1 “ 
6 
(/) r 
“ 3 
38—25 
30- 
■and wins by 
the same play of Position No. 2. 
(’) Is so called from the fact of its being the favorite 
of Lord and Lady Gather, of Scotland, over seventy years 
ago. It is formed by the first five moves, fa) 23 to 19, 
draws, (b) 15 to 10^ or 32 to 2S draws, (c) 30 to 25, 
draws, (d) 12 to 16, White wins, (e) 21 to 17, draws. 
30 to 25, Blank wins. (/) 27 lo 24, draws, (g) 27 to 23, 
draws. .The move in game (27 to 24} loses. 
