1806.] 
AMKRTOAN AGRICULTURIST, 
24:3 
items ill the “ Basket” on the Sheep bot, or srub in 
tlie head, and on loarbks, or grubs in cattle’s backs. 
©B’dihsiii’dl sssBd Waas'sery. 
We shall probably have a fair crop of all kinds 
of fruit, except peaches, and in some localities the 
grapes will be short from the killins: of the new 
shoots by frost. If we expect successfully to raise 
Feache.t, some mode of culture must be adopted, 
wliicli will protect the buds from tlie severe cold of 
winter. In April last we gave an account of a 
plan followed in Ohio. Othcis cut the young tree 
back at plain ing, and thus cau.^e all the limbs to 
start near the ground, and these as tlicy grow are 
trained by stakes into a nearly horizontal position, 
so that they may be readily covered with cartli or 
litter during the winter. Wlioever hits upon and 
adopts a practicable metliod for iircserving lliebuds 
from the effects of cold, will find it prolitable, as 
the demand increases faster than the supply. 
Firdf and InxecU are the theme of a larce portion 
of the Utters we now receive in tliis department. 
Ill cultivation we have broken up tlie natural order 
of things, .and must not be surprised if now insects 
and now birds are a source of annoyance. The best 
way we liave seen to keep off bii'ds is practised by 
Mr. Knox’s workmen, who make small wind-mills, 
so arranged as to make a clatter, and [>nt them up 
here and there iu the vineyard. We have said 
enough last month about the Tent Caterpillar, and 
have only to add that one correspondent finds a 
muliien-stalk, fastened to a pole, a very efficient 
brush with which to dislodge the pests. 
Borers were sufficiently discussed in May on page 
187. If the trees were not protected, they should 
be looked to liefore the eggs hatch, and the grub 
finds its way into the trunk. Read the May article. 
Pruning may now be done on old or neglected 
orchards; take out superfluous limbs, and head 
back those disposed to too vigorous growth. 
Budding is sufficiently described on page 258, to 
enable any one to.practice it. If this year’s buds 
do not take, the same stocks may be grafted next 
spring. We cannot too often insist upon the 
necessity of care in selecting buds or cions for 
propagating. It is a notion among many that 
merely budding or grafting a tree helps its fruitful¬ 
ness. The object of these operations is to get a 
kind of fruit tliat we know to be good, rather than 
take the rare chance of a seedling stock’s produc 
ing choice fruit. Therefore get buds from only 
desirable varieties. 
Thinning should not be omitted. Sufficient is 
said in an article on page 258. 
' Layers may be made of vines and shrubs as soon 
as the present season’s growth gets firm. Grape 
vines layered now will have good roots by autumn. 
Prepare the soil well, and if it is light, use a good 
mulch over tlie layer to keep it from drying. 
ITeedn should be kept from occupying the ground, 
whether in orchard, nursery ro\v, or seed bed. 
Seedling stocks, when young, are apt to suffer from 
weeds; they need as careful weeding and thin¬ 
ning as any other plants. It is not too late to 
Mulch trees, and it should bo done with those 
planted this spring, as it will save many that would 
not survive without troublesome watering. Besides 
the usual mulches, we have seen shavings from a 
planing mill used. Anything that will prevent 
evaitoration, from stones to bog-hay, will answer. 
Grafts set this spring si ill need the care suggested 
last month. It often happens that the stock will 
throw out vigorous shoots, which will rob tlie graft 
of nourishment and cause it to become feeble or 
die. Rub off all such as soon as they appear, and 
control the growth of 'the grafts by pinching. 
Seedlings, especially those of evergreens, will 
need shading as directed on page 147 (April.) 
Seeds .—The collection of these needs care. As 
soon as the ornamental shrubs ripen their seeds, 
collect and sow, or keep in earth. Collect cherry 
pits and seeds of otlicr fruits. 
Slugs upon pear and cherry trees arc to be dusted 
with lime from n. Iiag of open texture tied to a polo. 
littcSsen 
June opens with cold rains, and if these are long 
continued, many seeds will rot in the ground. Lo-e 
no time in replanting. See article in ‘ Basket,’ “ Noj» 
too Late” for some of tlie things which maybe suc¬ 
cessfully sown this month. In all profitable gar¬ 
dening the land is kept constantly at work, pro¬ 
ducing two and sometimes three crops in the year. 
Transplanting still needs to he done with late 
caiihages, etc. It will lie succe.ssl'ul in the liottest 
weather, if the lioies are watered before imtting 
in the plants, and the pliiits are properly prepared 
by grouting, i. e., enveloping their rnots in mud. 
Vacant Places. —Many allow the laud from which 
an early cro]j ha.s been taken to lay idle and run to 
weeds. This should never occur. Fill up with 
ruta-hagas, fall soinaeh, and otlier l.ite crops. 
Asparagus. —Xow that enttim.' has ceased, en¬ 
courage as uiuidi growth as pos.siblc to repair the 
loss. A dre.ssine: of manure will not come amiss, 
and weeds sliould be kept from the bed until the 
tops shade it. If the larvm of the beetle appear 
—.small, black, leech-like bodies—cut all infested 
branches and burn ihem. 
Beans. —Limas are iisuall}’ allowed to run too* 
higli. Most vines will go to the end of their sup¬ 
port before tliey beein to hear, and the Lima bean 
may be made to fruit earlier by only allowing it to 
run as high as one can reach. Salted string beans 
arc ver> good in winter, and a planting made now 
will give a supply. 
Beets may be ;danted for a lat.e crop, which will 
bo realized unle.-s very dry weather comes on. 
Hoe often, and as soon as large enough, thin to 0 
or 8 inches in tlie row. 
Cabbages and Caulijlowers. —The later plants are 
to be put out as soon as large enough Plenty of 
manure, with some lime, which is said to prevent 
club-foot, should be put upon the land. Cater¬ 
pillars are to be looked out for and hand picked, 
and slugs trapped as recommended on page 257. 
Celery. —Those wlio grow in trenches should sec 
th.at the bottom of the trench is well enriched. 
For a complete account of flat culture see au ar¬ 
ticle iu Agriculturist for Julj’, 1865. 
Carrots. —Keep well hoed until the tops prevent 
working, and sow seed if young carrots are wanted. 
Corn may still be planted to give a supply for late 
use and for drying. 
Cucumbers for pickles maybe sown in well enrich¬ 
ed hills. Select the best of the early crop for seed. 
Egg Pfanfi’.—Give good cultivation, liquid ma¬ 
nure and mulch. 
Endive —Sow for a late crop of salad. 
Herbs. —These are iu perfection just at flowering 
time, and then is the time to cut. Dry in the 
shade and preserve from flies and dust. 
Lettuce, if sown this month, is .apt to soon run to 
seed, unless it is in a partial shade. The Silesian is 
best at this season. 
Melons often set more fruit than can be ripened. 
Remove what seems to be superfluous. Hoe the 
piants until the growth of viugs prevents it. 
^ Onions need continued care in weeding. From 
The press of haying .and otiier work tiiey are often . 
neglected this month, much to the injury of the 
crop. If the sowing was properly done, but little 
thinning will be needed, but, if crowded, thin. 
Peas. —Some of the early varieties may be sown. 
They are very apt to mildew; deep‘planting tends 
to prevent this. Gather pods from vines reserved 
for seed, taking those only that ripen early. 
Potatoes. —^As the early sorts are dug for use, bury 
the tops, which soon dec.ay and enrich the soil. 
Late cabbages, turnips, or spinach, may occupy the 
ground when the potatoes are off. 
Rhubarb. —Flowering .and seed be.aving tend to 
exhaust the plant, hence the direction to cut off 
the flower stalks as soon as they shoot up. Now 
that fruit is abundant the pulling should diminish 
or cease altogether, and the plants allowed to re¬ 
cuperate by rest. Give a dressing of manure. 
Seeds.—ll is better to buy seeds than to save poor 
ones. Many take the first and best products of the 
garden for the table, and use what i.s left for seed, 
Ju>t the rever.se of this should be the ease. The 
ciirlie.'t, best shaped, and finest of evorytliing 
should be chosen. By [lursuiug this course tliQ 
kinds will not only not run out, but Improve, 
Sweet Potatoes. —Keep the groundof the ridges or 
hills clean and mellow until the vines cover it. 
Squashes. —Hoc until the vines get so large as to 
interlere. then do not di-turb them, but allow them 
to take root. Look undei'1 lie loaves early in the 
iiiorniiig for the black bug, and de.-troy it, and 
crush any eggs that maybe found. The spotted 
Galencca, au insect shaped like a lady-bug, but 
yellow, witli iilack sjjois, is very destructive to the 
le.aves. They imi-t be caught very early in the 
morning, as they fly when it is warm. The borer is 
a great pest iu many localities; usually its presence 
is not known until the whole vino wilts. The grub 
enters near the root, and if a hole is found, earo- 
fuily split the vine with a knife, and take him out. 
Cover the wound with earth if practicaiile, other- 
wi.sc bind it ui'. 
Tomatoes. —The large green “ worm” devours the 
leaves and green fruit. If any di’oiipiugs are seen, 
hunt for the worm at one-', as in every day of un¬ 
disturbed foraging it makes wonderful havoc with 
the jilant'i. If the jdants are not trained in any of 
the several ways we liavc described, they will fall 
over with the weight of fruit; in this ca-^e place 
brush or some rude support for the brandies to 
recline upon, and thus keep the fruit clean. 
Weeds are to be fought all the season. A sharp 
steel rake, frequently used, will keep them down, 
and leave the .surface ojien. If a deeper working is 
desired, use the hoe foi'k fmured la.-t July. This 
leaves the soil in splendid condition, and in a dry 
time it will bouelit the plants more than watering. 
Friiit €iai'<tlcn. 
In most places the strawberry harvest is over. 
Remove the mulch, and fork in a dressing of ma¬ 
nure. If plants are needed, allow suflicient run¬ 
ners to grow and take root; otherwise stop them. 
Raspberries follow the strawberry, and will now 
need a daily picking. Some cultivators remove the 
old canes as soon as the fruit is off, while others 
prefer to let them remain until the fall pruning. 
Suckers are to be kept down unless tiiey are need¬ 
ed for new piants, as three or four canes are all that 
are needed to a stool. 
Blackberries. —The crop of fruit is often so heavy 
as to make it necessary to tie up the branches. A 
heavy mulch around the vines is beneficial, as it is 
difficult to use the hoe among them. 
Currants, if trained in the tree form, are apt to 
lose their branches from the weight of fruit, and 
wiil need support. Treat the worm witii iieliebore, 
and cut away the borer as directed last mouth. 
Dwarf Trees should have the fruit thinned when 
there is any disposition to overbear. See artielo 
on page 259. Dust the slugs with lime, as noticed 
under Orchard. Trees put out this spring, will be 
helped by a thorough mulch. The red spider fre¬ 
quently injures the pear; he is a little fellow and his 
work is often seen before the insect itself is noticed. 
Frequent syringings of soap suds wiil keep it iu 
check. The shape of the ti-ee ni.ay be controlled, 
and its fruitfulness increased by judicious pinching. 
Grape Vbies. —Keep the shoots tied up. Thin 
freely, especially on vines fruiting the first time. 
Pinch the laterals to one leaf; if they push again, 
repeat the pinching, reducing each new growth to 
one leaf. Bearing canes are to be stopped at 3 or 4 
leayjg^, beyond the last liuuch. Hand pick beetles 
and caterpillars. Mildew makes its appearance in 
smail greyif "latches on the leaves, new wood, am! 
fruit. See ; > on its trc.atment on page 223 
(June). App io remedy on the first attack, 
FSoever ’•dca and laawn. 
Grass, wheth( 
need.' care to K 
and other coai-.-e 
e lawn or edgings to beds, 
’oeds. Plantains, thistles, 
'd bepulb'il abil " 
