1866 .] 
AMERICAN AQRIOULTURIST. 
275 
bands, even after all haying is done. When the 
leaves have their full growth, and have that turgid 
and mature look and feel, difficult to describe, cut 
up at the roots in t; e middle of the day, turn fre¬ 
quently till wilted enough tohandle without break¬ 
ing, and then hang in airy sheds. 
Cotton ricking is an important labor at the South 
this month ; too great importance can not be given 
to clean picking, and leaving the bolls light and 
soft. There has been a machine invented for pick¬ 
ing cotton, and we are inclined to think that here 
is a particularly good opportunity for the profitable 
display of mechanical ingenuity, for it can hardly 
be that the first machine will be any nearer perfec¬ 
tion than the first sewing or mowing machine. 
Stacks .—If hay or grain stacks settle, re-top them, 
building them up square and guard against rain. 
Water .—There is no more important subject than 
the supply of fresh and pure water for the stock in 
the pasture and in the yards, the lack of it cannot 
be made up by the best of feeding and other care. 
It is very bad to be obliged to drive cattle far for 
water. Young calves and cattle are often seriously 
stunted by a short supply of water in August. 
Wea7iing Young Animals. —Colts, lambs, and 
calves, left to take their regular allowance of milk 
naturally, should be weaned about this time, say 
when 3 or 4 months old. The colts being put in 
enclosures away from their dams, and allowed to 
suck at first twice a day, then once a day, then less 
often, and finally once a week for once or twice, 
thus they will be weaned quietly and without fall¬ 
ing off in flesh through running to and fro in their 
anxiety. Lambs must be weaned abrui)tly, and to 
make it easier for both parties, separate them be¬ 
yond the sound of each other’s bleating, leaving 
the lambs in the old pasture. Give the ewes very 
dry feed, and milk those whose udders aj^pear dis¬ 
tended and tender. Put two or three old tame 
ewes or wethers with the lambs as leaders, and to 
make them manageable. Calves are very easily 
managed, being allowed to suck only while the cow 
is being milked, and that but once a day after a few 
days. The milker can restrict the allowance of 
milk that the calf gets at his discretion. 
Cows .—Use all diligence to prevent the cows dry¬ 
ing, giving good pasturage, extra feed if necessary, 
and plenty of pure water. Farrow cows to be fat¬ 
tened this fall, should be dried off before Septem¬ 
ber, and kept in good flesh, being fed so as to be 
on the gain all the time. 
Oxen.—Ba careful not to over-work and exhaust 
working cattle. If put to hard labor, feed dry hay, 
and bright straw with bran upon it, in addition to 
what they pick up nights in the pasture. 
Horses need careful treatment, and if kept up 
should have an armful or two of grass daily, and if 
worked hard, eut feed and dry hay. Cold water is 
perhaps the best application for galls by the har¬ 
ness ; and do not forget that for all kinds of stock 
Salt and Pure Water are essential to their health. 
Sivine .—Keep them making manure; weeds and 
all sorts of rubbish which will decay, should be 
thrown to them to work over. Peas may be fed 
unthreshed, using such as may have been some¬ 
what damaged, and thus the hogs will be in prime 
order when corn is lit to feed. 
Skeep .—Keep tar upon their noses to keep off the 
bot-fly, which causes grubs in the head; examine 
rams about the horns and heads and elsewhere for 
wounds, which soon become maggoty if neglect¬ 
ed. Wash them out and apply very warm pine tar. 
Poultry .—Give all kinds a share of the daily waste, 
butter-milk, loppered milk, ete. Collect eggs daily, 
keep in a cool place in close boxes, set on the 
points, and packed in Indian meal, bran, or slaked 
lime, inverting tlic boxes every two or three days. 
In the moulting season hens eease laying. Keep 
chickens well fed, and growing rapidly. Give 
scalded cracked corn, wheat screenings, Bromus 
grains, ete., with free run for green food and insects. 
See that fowls have clean and deep dust baths, in 
which a little quick-lime or wood ashes occasionally 
thrown will be fatal to lice. Whitewash roosts 
and nest boxes. See basket item about hcn lice. 
Manure .—Emijloy any spare time in looking 
about the neighboring villages or factories for valu¬ 
able refuse that will pay for hauling. Leather 
scraps, woolen waste, slaugther-housc offal, horn 
piths, hops and sprouts from the breweries, soapy 
and oily water from the cloth factories, which may 
be absorbed by muck or led out upon the grass. 
Save any choice finer manure from the bottom of 
compost heaps in the yard for wheat. 
Tools that have been in use during the summer 
should be thoroughly cleaned, the steel parts 
painted with linseed oil, and set away. 
Turnips .—Sow till the middle of the month in 
most places below latitude 40°. on ground well 
cleaned of weeds by repeated harrowing. 
Wells .—When springs are low, it is the best time 
to dig wells. Have everything ready to dig, stone 
up and curb at once. 
Orchard and Nisrserj'. 
There ai^pears to be a good promise for apples 
and pears, but a general failure of peaches. We 
can not hear of any Eastern peach region where 
there is likely to be even a moderate crop. What 
shall we do for i)eaches ? The peach region has 
been pushed do^yn into Delaware and Maryland; 
must we look to Virginia and the Carolinas for our 
supply ? It is not only the borer, the curl, and the 
yellows, but the rigor of our winters, and uncer¬ 
tainty of our springs baffle the cultivator. We have 
given several plans that have been proposed for 
protecting trees during their season of rest. Who¬ 
ever hits upon a system of protection, easily appli¬ 
cable on a large scale, will find his account in it. 
Marketing of early apples and pears will require 
care. Regular market growers know that a little 
time expended in preparing fruit for market will 
be repaid. It generally pays to make two qualities, 
to which may be added a third, fit only for the pigs. 
Establish a reputation for fair dealing, by having 
the baskets or barrels run of even quality through¬ 
out. Pick the fruit before it softens, but not be¬ 
fore it is fully developed. Allow no beating or oth¬ 
er rough usage of trees in order to get the fruit 
off. A self supporting fruit ladder is very useful, 
or a common ladder may be stayed by guy ropes. 
Insects will still demand the attention. Fruit that 
has fallen because it contains the hirva of some in¬ 
sect should be gathered up and aiven to the pigs, 
or those animals be allowed the run of the orchard. 
Late caterpillars’ nests must be removed, and the 
borers treated as recommended in May, on p. 187. 
Budding is to be done whenever the bark runs 
freely and well ripened buds can be had. See direc¬ 
tions last month. Round off stocks budded last year. 
Trees set last spring without mulching will often 
show signs of failing this month. Removing the 
soil around the roots, and giving a thorough wa¬ 
tering, will often save them. After replacing the 
earth, ymt on a mulch. 
Seed Beds are to be shaded as heretofore directed. 
Layer wood of this year’s growth as soon as it is 
firm enough. The soil into which layers are put 
should be rich and well worked. 
P'unmg should have been finished last month, 
but if any needs to be done it is not too late yet. 
Evergreens with proper care to keep the roots 
from drying, and watering the holes it not already 
moist, may be successfully removed during this 
month. Select a damp time for the operation. 
■pFeeds.—Keep them down everywhere, especially 
in nursery rows. 
Kitchen Oardeii. 
One should not in the enjoyment of the abund¬ 
ant products of the garden forget to provide for 
next year, in the way of seeds. This is often 
thought of too late, and after the best of the yield 
has been used upon the table. Wg have so often 
insisted upon the earliest and best for seed that it 
is unnecessary to repeat it. Some kinds of seed 
are best raised by large growers, but there are many 
sorts that every one can as well save for himself. 
Asparagxis will now only need to have the coarse 
weeds pulled up. If seed is wanted, collect it from 
the best plants. Some English cultivators strip 
off the flowers as they appear, believing that the 
root will be stronger if not allowed to bear seed. 
Beans. —Plant some of the bush sorts for salting. 
Beets. —Thin and use the hoe freely. A slowly 
grown beet is of poor quality. 
Cabbages and Cardiflowers. —If slugs are trouble¬ 
some, use lime or set traps, as suggested last 
month. Caterpillars are easily disposed of when 
they first hatch and before they scatter. Use the 
hoe frequently. Set plants for the latest crop. 
Carrots. —Hoe and thin, and if young carrots are 
wanted, sow the Dutch Horn variety. 
Celery. —Earth up the early plants. Set out for 
latest crop. Keep that set out in flat culture free 
of weeds by running the cultivator between the 
rows—and towards the middle or end of the month 
commence to draw the earth up to the plants. 
Corn. —Select the finest and earliest ears for seed. 
Destroy the worm that feeds on the silk. 
Cucumbers. —Gather for pickles when of small size. 
Ejg Plants. —Keep the fruit from the ground by 
putting a handful of hay or straw under it. If holes 
appear in the leaves, look under for caterpillars. 
Endive. —Set out plants a foot apart each way. 
Tic up the older ones to blanch. 
Herbs. —Continue to gather as they come into 
flower. Dry and put out of the way of dust. 
Lettuce. —If sown during hot weather, should 
have the benefit of partial shade. 
Melons. —Remove those set too late to ripen. If 
a vine is allowed to carry only three or four mel¬ 
ons, the fruit will be all the larger and finer. 
Onions. —When a majority of the tops fall over, 
commence harvesting. If the onions are to be 
stored for winter, dry thoroughly. 
Potatoes. —Leave those wanted for seed until ripe. 
Itadiskes may be sown, especially the Chinese 
Rose-colored Winter, which is tender and well 
flavored, and will keep as well as a turnip. 
Squashes. —Continue to deal with insects as sug¬ 
gested last mouth. Save seed of early sorts. Let 
the running vines root at the joints. 
Tomatoes. —Keep those grown upon trellises tied 
up. Thin out crowded branches. Look out for 
and destroy the caterpillar or “ worm.” 
Trmiips .—Thin ruta-bagas, and sow the round 
sorts in places left vacant by other early crops. 
Weeds. —Use the hoe rake, bayonet hoe, push hoe, 
or some other weeding implement. A heavy steel 
rake is capital for loosening the surface, and if used 
often, will keep down the weeds. 
Fruit Garden. 
In the rapid ripening up of small fruits allow 
none to go to waste. Raspberries, currants and 
blackberries may be preserved in any kind of bot¬ 
tles or jars, with mouths barely wide enough to ad¬ 
mit the fruit. Drying may also be resorted to. 
Stop the growth of rampant canes 
at a convenient bight, else they will grow out of 
reach and bear less fruit. 
Dwarf Tr-ees .—Continue to thin the fruit. A little 
pinching now and then of shoots inclined to push 
unduly, will keep the tree in shape. 
Crapes .—We have given in this and previous 
numbers all the proposed remedies for mildew. 
Provide some kind of bellows and be prepared to 
use sulphur or other dusting material. Keep tied 
up to the trellis or to stakes. 
Maspberries.—Zaliici the young canes that are to 
fruit next year, and give them the advantage by 
removing all others. 
jSirawScrries.—Runners may be rooted in small 
pots and set in beds, where they will bear a moderate 
crop next year. Keep the runners clipped when 
close culture is followed. We have elsewhere de¬ 
scribed and illustrated the leading varieties. 
