1866 .] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST, 
395 
]B©Y§ <h ©(DOTMMg, 
'Flic Sjiii Seen at tiie Poles. 
'fo a person standing at the north pole, the sun would 
aiipear to sweep horizontally around the sky everytwen- 
ty-four liours, willioul any perceptible variation in its 
distance from the horizon during its circuit. On the 21st 
of June it is 23 degrees and 38 minutes above the liorizon~ 
a little more than one fourth of the distance to tlie zenith, 
the highest pitint that it ever readies. From this aititude 
it slowly descends, its track Iteing represented by a spiral 
or screw with a very fine thread ; and in the course of 
three months it worms its way down to the horizon, 
which it reaches on the 23d of September. On this day 
it slow ly sweeps around tlie sky, with its face half hidden 
below the icy sea. It still continues to descend, but after 
it has entirely disappeared it is still so near the horizon 
that it carries ii bright twiliglit around tiie heavens in its 
daily circuit.-As the sun sinks lower and lower, tliis 
twilight grows gradually fainter until it fades away. On 
December 20th tlie sun is 23 degrees, 33 ' below the 
iiorizon, and litis is the midnight of the dark w inter of the 
pole. From tliis date the sun begins to ascend, and after 
ii time his return is heralded by a faint dawn, which 
circles slowly around the horizon, completing its circuit 
every 24 hours. This dawn grows gr.adiially brighter, 
and on the 2llth of March the peaks are glided with the 
first level rays of the six montli’s day. The bringer of 
this long day continues to wind his spiral way upward 
until he reaches his highest place on the 21st of June, and 
his annual course is completed. The same appeartinces 
tire presented at the south pole, only at opposite dates, 
the 21st of June being midnight and midwinter there, 
While the north pale is having its summer sunshine. 
Two Fiftlits aud a Victory. 
Bently, formerly ti well-known Massachusetts clergy¬ 
man, one night at a late hour heard a rattling sound near 
his house. He looked from the window and saw a wom¬ 
an fill her apron from his wood pile, and hastily go away. 
Shortly tifier this was repeated, and he returned to his 
study, sad with the thought of her destitution which led 
her to the sin. Not long after he was startled by a heavy 
crash of falling wood, and again looking from the win¬ 
dow he saw ihe poor woman slinking the very dust of the 
■wood from her apron. She swiftly turned aw.ay and soon 
returned heavily laden with wood, which she threw upon 
the pile in a most determined manner. The doctor's 
compassion and curiosity were now intensely excited, 
and leaving tlie house, he cautiously followed her until 
he found where she lived. Early the next morning he 
ordered a wood dealer to send her a half cord of his best 
w.aod, sawed and split, but by no means to let her know 
from whom it came. The teamster happened to overhear 
the order, and when the poor widow eagerly asked who 
sent it, he told what he had heard. The conscience- 
stricken woman hastened immediately to the Doctor’s 
iiouse, and with deep humility and bitterness told him of 
the temptation to wliicii her poverty had brought her. 
Sir,” said she. “ lliough my house was dark and cold, 
though my lieart was wrung witii anguish at the sight of 
my poor shivering little ones, I could not keep the wood, 
my conscience would not let me.”-“ Say no more, 
my dear Madam.” said the good man, ” I saw it all.—I 
* saw you conquer the devil in two fair fights.” 
Niclcnames. 
Somebody has collected together the following list of 
■ ijcknames given to the citizens of the different States, 
and the by-word titles of several of tlie different cities: 
Maine, foxes; New Hampshire, granite boys; Ver¬ 
mont, green mountain boys ; Massachusetts, bay state 
boys ; Rhode I.sland, gunflints ; Coiineclic.ui. wooden nut¬ 
megs ; New York, Knickerbockers : New Jersey, blues 
or clam-catchers ; Delaware, muskrats ; Pennsylvania, 
Penliainites or leather liearis ; Maryland, clam hurnpers ; 
Virginia, beagles ; North Carolina, tiickoes ; South Car¬ 
olina, weasels; Georgia, buzzards; Alabama, lizards; 
Mississippi, tadpoles ; Florida, fly up the creeks ; Louisi¬ 
ana, creoles ; Texas, beef-heads ; Arkansas, tooth-picks ; 
Kentucky, corn crackers: Ohio, buckeyes; Indiana, 
hoosiers ; Illinois, suckers; Wisconsin, badgers; Michi¬ 
gan, wolverines ; Minnesota, gophers ; Iowa, hawkeyes ; 
California, gold liunter.s ; Nevada, sage hens; Oregon, 
hard cases; Nebraska, hug-eaters; Kansas, jayhawkers ; 
Colorado, rovers ; Dakota, squatters ; Utah, Brighamites ; 
New Mexico, Spanish Indians ; Idaho, fortune seekers, 
or cutthroats; Nova Scotia, blue noses; New Bruns¬ 
wick, fisli heads ; Canada, canucks. 
Nicknames of some cities and towns : 
Quebec, the Gibraltar of America ; Montreal, Itia, Cud- 
hescity; King.=ton, the Limestone Quarry; Portland, 
Hill City ; Lowell, Spindle city ; Boston, Modern Athens, 
Literary Emporium, City of Notions, and. Hub of the 
Universe ; Providence, Roger Williams’ city ; Hartford, 
In.su ranee city 4 New Haven, Elm city; Brooklyn, city 
of Churches ; New 'York, Commercial Emporium, Goth¬ 
am, and Metropolis of America ; Pliiladelphia, City of 
Brotherly Love, city of Penn, and Quaker city; Balti¬ 
more, Monumental city; Washington, city of Magnifi¬ 
cent Distances, and Federal city ; Troy, Illiuin ; Albany, 
Sturgeondom ; Syracuse, Salt Works city ; Schenectady, 
Diirip; Rochester, Aqueduct city ; Buffalo, Queen of the 
Lake ; Riclimond, Cockade city ; Savannah. Forest City 
of the South ; St. Louis, Mound city; New Orle.ans, 
Crescent city; Louisville, Falls city ; Nashville, Rock 
city ; Cincinnati, Queen of the West, and Porkopolis ; 
Clevel.and. Forest city ; Detroit, city of the Straits; Indi¬ 
anapolis, Railroad city ; Chicago, Prairie or Garden city ; 
Milwaukee, city of Brick ; Keokuk, Gate city ; Leaven¬ 
worth, Cottonwood city ; Atlanta, Gate city of the South ; 
San Fi anci.sco, Golden Gate; Denver, city of the Plains ; 
Salt Lake City, Mormon city ; St. Paul; North Star City. 
Hew an Owl was Cann^lit. 
Arthur Sexton, Wellington, Ohio, gives an account of 
his singular capture of a large horned owl. The bird, 
not content with its usual diet of mice and wild birds, 
visited the farm-yard to secure the extra dainty of a 
young chicken or two. It came to a coop where a hen 
was covering her brood, and boldly entered. The hen 
at once retreated from the iinwelcoine visitor, taking her 
chickens with her, and in passing out, knocked away the 
prop, which held up the door or lid of the coop ; down it 
came, making the owl a prisoner, and leaving the hen to 
finish her night’s rest undisturbed. The owl was secured 
in the morning, and is now suffering captivity as a pen¬ 
alty for his misdeeds. If we had room for him we 
would be pleased to accept Master Arthur’s kind offer to 
send him to the Agriculturist Office. 
Mixtiii' tlie Pronouns.—We clip the following 
choice specimen from the New York Independent of 
June 21: “Did you ever know a person to read how 
David—even when he was a country boy too—slew the 
lion and the bear, when they commenced their carnage 
on the flock that he was watching, without feeling as if 
they would like to hold the boy in their lap, and give him 
a loving squeeze and a kiss?” We have no doubt the 
lion and the bear would have enjoyed giving David a lov- 
ing squeeze, as the above sentence intimates, perhaps 
they would have kissed him after their fashion, but as to 
holding him on their iap, that would have been very 
awkward if not impossible. Be careful, boys and girls, 
not to mix the pronouns; it sometimes makes queer 
work with a sentence. 
Tlie CJaine of Checlcers or Hraughtfs. 
POSITION NO. 7. — Mack to play and win. 
Black. 
GAME NO. 7.— SECOND DOUBLE CORNER OPENING (*) 
Black 
White. 
Black 
White. 
1—11 to 
15 
24 
to 19 
22—28 
to 3'2 
31 
to 26 
2—15 “ 
‘24 
28 
19 
23—32 
2.3 
26 
“ 19 
3— 8 “ 
11 
22 
“ 18 
24—20 
“ ‘24 
8 
“ 3 
4—11 “ 
16 
25 
“ ‘22 
25—24 
“ 27 
8 
“ 8 
5—10 “ 
14 
22 
“ 17 
26—27 
“ 31 
8 
“ 11 
6—16 “ 
20 
17 
“ 10 
27— 2 
“ 6 
19 
“ 15 
7— 6 “ 
24 
32 
“ 28 
•28— G 
“ 9 
11 
“ 16 
8— 4 “ 
8 
28 
“ 19 
29—31 
“ 27(a) 
16 
“ 19 
9— 8 “ 
11 
21 
“ 17 
30—14 
“ 17 
22 
“ 18 
10—11 “ 
16 
17 
“ 14 
31-17 
“ 22 
15 
“ 11 
11— 7 “ 
10 
14 
“ 7 
32-13 
“ 17(5) 
(Cil8 
“ 14 
12— 3 “ 
10 
29 
“ 25 
33— 9 
“ 18 
19 
“ 23 
13-10 “ 
14 
26 
“ 22 
34—17 
“ 21 
23 
“ 32 
14- 9 “ 
13 
18 
“ 9 
35—18 
“ 23 
It 
“ 7 
15— 5 “ 
14 
22 
“ 18 
36—22 
“ ‘26 
7 
“ 2 
16— 1 “ 
5 
18 
“ 9 
37-26 
“ 31 
2 
“ 7 
17— 5 “ 
14 
19 
“ 15 
38—31 
“ 27 
7 
“ 11 
18—16 “ 
19 
23 
“ 16 
39—27 
“ 24 
11 
“ 16 
19—12 “ 
19 
15 
“ 11 
40—24 
“ 19 
16 
“ 20 
20—19 “ 
24 
25 
“ 22 
41-19 
“ 15 
20 
“ 24 
21—24 “ 
28 
11 
“ 8 
While wins. 
(*) Is SO named by Anderson, because the first move 
of the second side is played from the one double corner 
toward the other, (a) 14 to 18 draws, (i) The losing 
move, (c) Position No. 6, iSee. June No., page 229.} 
Attswersi to Problems and Puzzles. 
The following are answers to the puzzles, etc., in the 
July number, page 263. No. 215. Prize Rebus.—A 
band on a sinking ship beef o’er the waves, clothes over her, 
or : Abandon a sinking ship before the waves close over 
her — No. 216. Prize Enigma. —Light-house... .No. 217. 
Illustrated Rebus,—J long tivo c w hat ear b (tied oti 
mountain) hill andplane.four eve r (round the) hole world 
(wide) good will two man kind rain, or: I long to see 
whate’er beside on mountain iiilland plain, forever round 
the whole world wide, goodvrill to mankind reign.... 
No. 218. Prize Arithmetical Problem.—Kns. r ext month. 
The following have sent in correct answers to puzzles : 
Maggie A. McCabe, Lottie E. Worth, A. W. Morton, 
Catskill, Peggy, Jennie Cooper, Wm. R. Price, Maggie 
J. Scott, Lewie Rorebeck, Wm. Kay, Mr. and Mrs. J. 
W. Scott, L. Stone, C. A. Parsons, H. R Stanley, Mary 
E. Brigham, Martha L. Newlin. S. G. Robbins, Frank 
L. Kilmer, Fred. C. Parmenter, Mary N. Charlton. John 
Fergus, William Hunter, Lucy A. McCoy, Nelson G. 
Hull, John T. Binkley, Joseph A. Barnes, J. C. Gapen, 
Nancy Patton, Maria Patton, Henrietta Titu.s, A. M. 
Beecher, S. S. Meservey, Silas Bice, Minard R. Bice, 
John Price, A. J. Myers, Cassia, (please send on the puz¬ 
zles.) E. Prevost, Harry N. Smith, Daniel Fiohman, 
Henry A. Young, Ida R. Tood, Willis Fair, W'm. Pipkin, 
C. W. Bailey, C. S. Wise, Willie V. Cloagh, Diantha 
Roads (no answer came with your rebus), Scott Jenks, 
Sarah J. Brown. R. Bosworth, II. S. Kratz, Frank Gil- 
dersleeve. Eva Littlejohn, 8. W. Kleinschmidt, John M. 
Culver, Charley Ray, Samuel Shawd, H. W. Bateman, 
Dr. M. D. Leichliier, Etta Wilson, Helen M. Biishnell, 
M. R. Trunibower, George B. Shapley, Waller Lewis. 
No. 819.—A Scripture Riddle. 
Take the name of a Jew who reigned long o’er his land. 
And who for one sin drove a Queen from command ; 
Who in life, and in death no small honor could claim, 
Whicli backward and forward will spell just the same. 
Then the name of a Jew, only know n by the fame 
W’hich his son nobly earned, spelling each w ay the same ; 
And the time of the death of a person (whose name 
Though not found in (he Bible, still knows Bible fame). 
And which time, back and forward remains just the same. 
Of a Jew who had sinned, and reformed, take the name, 
(Which is all that we know of Ids honor or shame), 
And which backward and forward is ever the same. 
Place the.se four initials together, and frame 
Of one wise, old, and good, the brief scripture name. 
Which backward and forward is still just tlie same. 
No. 220. Illustrated --Dear to all Amerfeans. 
No. 221. Mathematical Problem. —During tlie time that 
the shadow on a sun-dial, which shows true time, moves 
frorn 1 o’clock to 5, a clock which is too fast a certain 
number of hours and minutes strikes a number of strokes 
equal to that number of hours and minutes ; and it is ob¬ 
served that the number of minutes is less by 41 than the 
square of the number which Hie clock strikes at ttie last 
time of striking. The clock does not strike 12 during the 
time. How much is it loo fast ? ; 
g [®W[y]AD=|©E 
MUCH 
2l 
^ V 
No. 22'2. Illustrated Rebus.—Good advice to all. 
No. 223. Farmers’ Enigma. —I am composed of 24 
letters. My 13, 7, 10, 15, 11, is raised by farmers. My 5, 
3, 12, 24 is eaten by farmers. My 23, 2, 8, 14, 19 is worn 
by farmers. My I, 6, 4, 5 is used by farmers. My 9, 15, 
21, 16, 20.18, 4, 14 is received by farmers. My whole is 
the farmer’s friend. What is the word ? 
No. 224. Enigma. —My last is made of my first, my 
first is kept in my whole. What is tlie word? 
A Paradox. —When a shoemaker is going to make a 
boot, the yJrsI thing he uses is the last. 
