84 
AMEKIGAN AG-KI0ULTURI3T. 
For llic American Agriculturist. 
NEW--HAMPSHIRE STATE FAIR. 
Having been privileged in attending the 
Fourth State Fair held in New-Hampshire, I 
presume a brief account of it will not be un¬ 
interesting to the readers of your paper. 
I arrived at Manchester, where the fair was 
held, on the morning of Thursday, 6th of Oc¬ 
tober, the second day of the fair. I soon found 
Frederick Smytii, Esq., Mayor of Manchester, 
Mr. Adams, the acting secretary, and TT. S. 
King, Esq., of the Journal of Agriculture , and 
was entirely at home with these gentlemen. I 
immediately repaired to the show-grounds, and 
devoted the forenoon to examining the stock 
and articles on exhibition. There was quite a 
respectable display of stock in point of num¬ 
bers, but the greater portion, by far, consisted 
of grades and natives, and were not very 
attractive. A few Devons showed that atten¬ 
tion is being given to the introduction of thor¬ 
oughbred animals. Some short horns were 
also exhibited. Two calves from theHungarian 
bull of the late Daniel Webster were very fine 
indeed, and promise to be a valuable cross on 
the native stock. 
The show of horses was very fair, and the 
Morgan and Black Hawk branch of it re¬ 
markably good. One great defect in breeding 
here, is the very inferior and unsound mares 
that are used for breeding. When will our 
farmers learn that the dam is equally as im¬ 
portant. as the sire, and that defects are far 
more likely to be perpetuated than good quali¬ 
ties from such animals as are used. Quite a 
number of the colts were got by first-rate 
horses and looked remarkably well; but who 
would be willing to select them again to breed 
from, knowing the character of their dam. 
This defect in breeding is not peculiar to New- 
Hampshire, but is too general throughout the 
country. The show of sheep and swine was 
not large, but there were very fair animals in 
each. 
The mechanical, domestic, and dairy depart¬ 
ment, were very creditable indeed, and secured 
the attention of the great concourse of people 
who were in attendence, as they richly deserved. 
Among the cattle, the working oxen should not 
be omitted. There was a large number ex¬ 
hibited, and many pairs would have done credit 
to any fair in our country. They were well 
trained, and showed the attention which has 
been given to this department by the farmers of 
New-Hampshire. Most of the farm work is 
done by oxen. 
Taking the show as a whole, it was very 
creditable to the Society and to the farmers of 
the State. The labor of getting up the show 
devolved upon a few individuals, but they were 
of the right stamp, and the work was well done. 
F. Smyth, Mayor of Manchester, Treasurer of 
the Society; Id. French, Esq., of Exeter; J. 0. 
Adams, Acting Secretary, (Mr. Walker, the 
Secretary being sick,) and the President, Dr. 
Woodbury, were the active men in getting up 
the fair this year, and deserve all the credit that 
was awarded them by the entire assemblage 
present. 
I send you an extract from the Boston Cou¬ 
rier of the proceedings on Thursday, after the 
arrival of the Hon. Edward Everett, from 
Boston : 
At ten o’clock the cars from Boston arrived, 
bringing the lion. Edward Everett, who was 
met at the depot by Mayor Smyth, and welcomed 
to the city. He was then taken in a barouche, 
and in company with the Mayor, the President 
of the Society, Peter P. Woodbury, Esq., and 
Mr. Johnson, the Orator of the day, proceeded 
to the exhibition-ground, where they spent an 
hour very pleasantly in inspecting the cattle 
and other stocks, witnessing the trial of some of 
the fast nags, and in looking upon the intelligent 
sons and daughters of New-Hampshire, with 
which the spacious area within the enclosure 
was nearly filled. Mr. Everett and the other 
distinguished guests seemed to enjoy the scene 
very much—and in truth it was a brilliant 
spectacle. 
At 11 o’clock a procession was formed at 
the City Hall, under the direction of Thomas P. 
Pierce, Esq., as chief marshal, in four divi¬ 
sions; the first three were composed of the 
military and firemen; and the fourth of the 
President and officers of the State Agricultural 
Society; Orator of the day; his Honor the 
Mayor, with Hon. Edward Everett and other 
invited guests ; City Government; Senators 
and Representatives in Congress; President of 
the New-Hampslrirc Senate and Speaker of 
the New-Hampshire House of Representatives; 
members of the New-Hampshire State Agricul¬ 
tural Society, and citizens generally, holding 
badges. After leaving the flail the procession 
moved through the principal streets to the ex¬ 
hibition-ground, to listen to the address. 
The procession reached the ground at about 
one o’clock, and marched to the stand which 
had been erected for the speakers. The wind 
blew almost a gale from the north-west, render¬ 
ing it extremely uncomfortable alike for the 
speakers and hearers, and the very large crowd 
which assembled to hear the oration. 
At a quarter past one, Mr. Woodbury, the 
President, called the company to order, and the 
services were introduced with the song, “ The 
Soil,” by the “Amphions.” 
Hon. B. B. Johnson, Secretary of the New- 
York State Agricultural Society, was then intro¬ 
duced as the orator of the day, and delivered 
an able address upon agriculture—its import¬ 
ance and improvements. In commencing he 
spoke at length upon the importance of such 
gatherings as that he saw before him, quoting 
in support of.his position the opinion of the 
lamented Webster on a similar occasion. The 
importance of the farming community, and the 
neglect with which it had been treated by the 
General Government, were alluded to; and he 
argued that the time had come for the farmers 
to assert their rights, and demand that that 
encouragement should be extended to them 
which is of right their due. 
He then spoke of practical agriculture, espe¬ 
cially of the necessity of keeping their lands 
dry, clean, and rich. He quoted the example of 
the English and Scotch farmers in this respect. 
A thorough agricultural education found in Mr. 
Johnson a powerful advocate, and not only an 
agricultural education, but a thorough education 
for the farmer for all the duties and for every 
station in life. Every State should have its 
institutions for the thorough education of the 
farmer. The fact that the American farmer is 
brought into competion with the agricultural 
countries of the whole world, he adduced as a 
powerful fact in support of his argument. Hi- 
thought the farmers were looking up, and he 
trusted that the work would go on until the 
farmers were fitted to occupy any station in our 
republic. 
In conclusion, he gave a brief statement oi 
liis visit to the London Crystal Palace, to which 
he was one of the Commissioners; more es¬ 
pecially to the department of Agricultural 
implements, in which the Americans won such 
noble triumphs. Mr. Johnson was listened to 
with much interest by the New-Hampshire 
farmers, and was greeted with repeated applause. 
The Hon. Edward Everett followed, in one 
of the happiest speeches 1 have ever listened to. 
His theme was New-Hampshire, past and pre¬ 
sent, and her distinguished men, &c. He was 
applauded frequently during his address, and 
rapturously at its close. The published address 
will satisfy you that applause was never more 
appropriately bestowed. 
The audience was composed of as intelligent 
a set of men and women as I have ever seen ; 
and was unusually large even for a State Fair. 
It was gratifying to the speakers that they re¬ 
mained almost without exception to the close ol 
the exercises, which occupied about two hours; 
giving the most undivided attention to all said. 
When it is recollected that during the whole 
time of the addresses, a stiff north-west wind 
was blowing a complete gale, freighted ivith a 
touch of “40 below zero,” from Franconia, and 
an occasional dash. of rain, added by way of 
increasing the interest of the occasion, you can 
see, I think, of what genuine coin the New- 
Hampshire farmers are made. 
Wc need not wonder at the message of Gen. 
Stark to his wife, when he was called to face 
the British at Bennington. The substance of it 
you will recollect was; that he should return a 
victor, or “Molly Stark would be a widow.” 
It is most gratifying to see the spirit that is 
aroused in our country among the farmers and 
mechanics. I trust it is destined to increase, 
ana by wise-directed efforts, to secure eventually 
not only the improvement of our agriculture, 
but elevate the proficiency of the farmer, until 
he shall be as well prepared by his education to 
fulfil any position in our country as any class of 
our citizens. I have not time to give the de¬ 
tails of the closing day of the fair, the whole, 
however, concluded very satisfactorily, and has 
convinced the farmers of New-Hampshire that 
a State Society can be sustained, and I doubt 
not another year will witness a still more suc¬ 
cessful exhibition. 
WOOL AND GOLD IN AUSTRALIA- 
Wool is still the most important colonial inte¬ 
rest, and superior to gold. Gold is almost the 
only commodity found pure. For that very rea¬ 
son, it creates a minimum employment of labor 
—the momentum that adds to the real value of 
wool and many other commodities, even the least 
of any articles of mercantile or manufacturing 
products in use by man. The digger, the buyer, 
and the goldsmith are the three parties chiefly 
interested. Gold is not a necessary. Wool 
and cotton have become the most important 
items of British commerce and necessities— 
clothing, food, and lodging constitute the abso- 
’utes of our existence. Remember the fable of 
Midas. Gold will make a very indigestible 
diet, a cold cloak, and ap expensive dwelling- 
But wool and cotton give employment to mil¬ 
lions. In the growing of wool we have the 
Hock-owners, shepherds, watchmen, washers, 
shearers, bullock drivers. The article of wool- 
packs alone, required by the wool growers, 
creates abundance of work and food to thou¬ 
sands. Next follow the mercantile and shipping- 
interest, constituting an amount of no trifling 
value, at least equal to £150,000 a year. In 
Britain the wharfage, lighterage, brokerage &c., 
before the wools pass into the hands of the 
manufacturer, make no inconsiderable amount 
Then follow the immense manufacturing in¬ 
terests—the woollens of Yorkshire and the cot¬ 
tons of Manchester, spinning, iveaving, dyeing, 
printing, and a hundred other operations, which 
add to the value of the first wool or cotton 
bales, and create no trifling part of the enor¬ 
mous wealth of Old England. After these, 
warehousing; transit to various places; then 
shop-keepers and tailors get their shares, and 
every one is cheaply clothed. In the growth of 
wool, its trade and manufactures, a million of 
persons are estimated to be employed in Britain 
done. The exports in wool, yarn, and woollens, 
ten years ago, amounted to more than six and a 
half' millions, and the steam power was calcu¬ 
lated to be equal to tlie force of two millions of 
horses. The Australian wool growers now 
transmit a large share of the British imported 
wools, their colonial staple having nearly super¬ 
seded other foreign supplies. The forty mil¬ 
lions of pounds required to be imported can 
now be produced in the four Australian colo¬ 
nies. The immense‘imperial interest in the 
wool growth and trade, both as regards this 
colony and parent state, must be evident to all 
unprejudiced minds .—Sydney Empire. 
-o-®-«- 
Chemical Analysis.—A friend of ours has 
taken the trouble to analyse a tumbler of double 
X Aie, and reports that he found it composed of 
the following ingredients: Two parts putrid 
horse-flesh, three parts pool water, one part 
malt, one-half part hops, and the balance, two 
parts and a half, he could find no name for. 
The discovery was any thing but an agreeable 
one to him, as he is an inordinate lover of the 
nut-browm beverage with its snowy foam. Ho 
thinks that during his life he has drank the 
carcasses of about six dead horses, and enough 
stagnant water to supply the city cisterns three 
months .—Cleveland Forest City. 
