AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
211 
bank of the Danube. Gran, the fortress of 
Comorn, and a beautiful antique pile of ruins, 
are the only points which break the monotony 
of the landscape between Presburg and Pestli; 
I take no notice of the villages scorched and 
burned during the last civil war. 
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Method of Storing Fruit at the Royal Gardens. 
Those only who are acquainted with the very 
extensive scale on which all kinds of fruits are 
cultivated here, can form any idea of the space 
that is required for storing away the produce. 
On visiting these gardens the other day, we 
found three store-houses filled. The first con¬ 
tained autumn Pears, i. e., such sorts as will be 
in use up from this time to the middle of De¬ 
cember. This room, which is 60 feet in length, 
15 feet in breadth, and 9 feet in height, is fitted 
up with three tiers of . shelves made of inch 
square staves, on which thin white paper is 
laid for placing the fruit on. Paper is preferred 
here to any other material for this purpose, more 
especially for Pears, the tender, clear-skinned 
varieties of which are apt to be bruised and 
blackened when laid on any thing else; paper 
is found also to possess the advantage of having 
little tendency to induce mould. Means have 
been provided for warming this room in the 
shape of hot-water pipes, which are carried 
round the floor under an ornamental cast-iron 
grating; but their use has hitherto been dis¬ 
pensed with, as the room being placed as it is 
immediately behind the early Vinery, has always 
kept sufficiently dry and warm without them. 
In the middle of the floor of this store-house is 
a table, (18 feet in length by 4 feet in breadth,) 
furnished with drawers which are filled with 
fruit, and on the top of this table were nearly 
40 kinds of Pears neatly placed in rows, and 
correctly labelled. These were all unusually 
handsome specimens. On the side benches 
were Apples also arranged on this plan, which 
is excellent, inasmuch as examples of the lead¬ 
ing varieties which the store contains may be 
viewed, and their merits compared, without the 
inconvenience of searching in the shelves at any 
time for a particular sort that may be required 
for inspection. The following kinds may be 
worthy of naming as being in use now, viz., 
Beurre Bose, Van Mons Leon le Clerc, Brown 
Beurre, Marie Louise, Gansel’s Bergamot, 
Beurre Die!, Seckel, Moor-fowl Egg, Althorp 
Crassane, Belmont, Colmar d’Aremberg, Broug¬ 
ham, and Hacon’s Incomparable. Of these, 
some of the specimens of Van Mons Leon le 
Clerc measured 7 inches in length and about 31- 
inches in diameter at the thickest part. This 
fine sort is better flavored from standards than 
from a wall; it is a good bearer, but in pruning 
care must be taken to only thin out the young 
wood, not to spur it in, as the fruit is borne on 
the short shoots of the previous year’s growth. 
Concerning the Marie Louise, (which is con¬ 
sidered here the best pear of the season,) it may 
not be generally known that it may be had in 
use some two months together by gathering it 
at different times; for even fruit of it stored 
green is reported to become quite as well fla¬ 
vored as that which has been permitted to ripen 
on the tree. In this way it may be had fit for 
table from October till December. We observed 
some fine fruit of it netted on a wall here, where 
it is the only Pear still out of doors. Beurre 
Bose is well known to be a handsome sort; it 
is a free bearer, but the shoots require to be 
trained a good distance apart, otherwise its 
ample foliage hides the fruit from the sun. 
Beurre Diel and Glout Morceau have not done 
well here this year, owing to their having been 
attacked at an early stage of their growth by a 
sort of smut, which has had the effect of stop¬ 
ping their swelling wherever it occurred, and 
causing them to crack. Those from standards 
are altogether useless; but those from walls are 
not quite so much injured. Hacon’s Incompa¬ 
rable is a fine Pear, shaped something like a 
Gansel’s Bergamot; it is a variety which never 
fails to produce a crop. The Seckel, a warm 
colored sort, must be set down as rather below 
the middle size, but as regards flavor it is cer¬ 
tainly one of the best; it is a favorite at the 
Royal table. Colmar d’Aremberg is a little 
known kind, reddish brown in color, and with a 
flavor something like that of the Winter Nelis. 
It is quite hardy, and succeeds well as a stand¬ 
ard. The Moor-fowl Egg requires to be gath¬ 
ered before it is ripe; otherwise it turns mealy 
and dry. The Brown Beurre, we need scarcely 
say, is an excellent sort and very productive, 
from about 250 square feet of wall, 1200 fruit 
have been gathered here this year. 
The following new Pears have fruited in these 
gardens, and have been proved to be good, viz., 
Reine d’Hiver, Epine Dumas, Colmar Van Mons, 
and Baron de Mello. The first of these is ripe 
in January, melting, and about the size of a 
Passe Colmar. Among Apples, Cox’s Pomona 
is not so well known as it should be; it is a 
large, showy fruit, three parts covered with 
bright red, and suitable either for desert or 
kitchen use. Cox’s Orange Pippin is also a fine 
kind not quite new, but little known. It has 
something of the flavor of the Ribston Pippin, 
which it resembles in color, but it is different in 
shape. The tree is a good bearer, and healthy. 
Of the King of the Pippins, and Blenheim Pip¬ 
pin, or Orange, there were some beautiful spe¬ 
cimens, and, for the dull season we have had, 
extremely bright skinned. They were ripened 
on semi-circular trellises which are found to 
answer capitally for Apples; but scarcely so 
well for Pears, the blossoms of which being 
earlier than those of Apples, are greatly ex¬ 
posed under this kind of culture, and are apt to 
be cut off by spring frosts. Of other Apples, 
Small’s Admirable is well worthy of notice, as 
being one of the best Apples for culinary use 
at this season ; it is a regular and heavy bearer, 
smooth and pale yellow in color, with a tinge of 
red on the sunny side. The size is about that 
of Dumelow’s Seedling, or Wellington ; it is in 
use -from September till Christmas; the Wel¬ 
lington is largely employed in the Royal kitchen 
for jelly. 
Some seedling Apples have fruited here ; one 
resembling the Downton Nonpareil was very 
sweet, juicy, and good. 
Fruit-room No. 2 is filled with kitchen and 
table Apples, to which are added a few Pears to 
succeed those in No. 1, which is a warmer house 
than this. This store is 36 feet long, and 12 feet 
broad, with three tiers of shelves, as in the 
first-mentioned house. It is chambered under¬ 
neath for seed Potatoes, &c. The following sorts 
of Apples in this house are now in use, viz., 
Cox’s Pomona, King of the Pippins, Blenheim 
Pippin, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Fearn’s Pippin, 
Cluster Golden Pippin, Small’s Golden Pippin, 
and Small’s Admirable. This room has 594 feet 
of shelves. 
Late House .—The storing place for the latter 
kinds of Pears and Apples is situated in one of 
the shady slips outside the garden walls ; it is 
a low, span-roofed shed, built of wood, with 
thatched roof and sides, and stuffed with Fern 
3 inches thick in the inside, for the purpose of 
excluding frost. This house is 13 feet long and 
11 feet broad, with shelves on both sides, and 
passage in the center; it contains 600 square 
feet of shelving. The sorts of Apples in ic are, 
Rosemary Russet, Russet Table Pearmain, Dutch 
Mignonne, Wellington, Pitmaston Nonpareil, 
Syke House Russet, Newtown Pippin, Golden 
Harvey, Braddick’s Nonpareil, Cockle Pippin, 
and Ribston; on the ground floor is Barcelona 
Pearmain, a sort much given to shrivel, and 
which requires a cool, somewhat damp place, to 
have it in perfection. Of Pears, it contains 
Chaumontelle, Moccas, Easter Beurre, Ne Plus 
Meuris, Winter Crassane, Shobden Court, Hol¬ 
land Bergamot, Beurre Ranee, and Knight’s 
Monarch; these are all late-keeping sorts, among 
which the two latter are perhaps the best.— 
Gardners' Chronicle. 
- O ^ - 
Spare when young, and spend when old. 
SHELTERING LANDS. 
We copy the following article from the Horti¬ 
culturist , and in doing so would observe that 
we have frequently recommended planting belts 
of evergreens to break and ward off the rude 
winds of winter, and soften the climate. We 
have often seen thick belts, ten to one hundred 
feet wide, thus planted in Europe, over large 
sections of the country; and the molifying 
effect they have upon the climate, is much 
greater than one would suppose. 
The last of June, or early in July, is the best 
season to set out evergreens in this latitude, 
earlier than this is necessary at the south, and 
a little later farther north. It is from ignorance 
of this fact, that so 6 v are successful in trans¬ 
planting evergreen.. it is safer, and even bet¬ 
ter generally, to select trees not over three feet 
high for transplanting, and those in open situ¬ 
ations, or bordering a wood. These, grown 
up exposed to the winds, and without much 
shelter, arc consequently more likely to live, 
and grow more rapidly than those taken from 
the middle of clumps or the interior of a forest. 
Every observer has noticed the difference be¬ 
tween the starting of vegetation in spring in 
different localities, and those often but a few feet 
separated. In the mountain glen, shut out from 
cold winds, and almost from sunshine, there is 
usually a difference of some days in the starting 
of the leaf and opening of the blossom compared 
with the occurrence of the same event on the 
hill top near by, where rude winds sweep un¬ 
resisted. On the south and east sides of the 
grove the same effect is always visible; verdure 
and freshness are seen there, when in the open 
field nothing greets the eye but the desolation 
that winter has wrought. Even the few trees 
that are sometimes planted around dwellings are 
found to modify the climate—softening the as¬ 
perities of winter, and yielding cool and health¬ 
ful breezes in summer. 
These facts, so common and so strongly 
marked, must have been noticed by every one, 
and yet how few of the many who deplore the 
severity of climate—lamenting the ravages of 
frost both in late spring and early autumn—have 
ever taken the hint from Nature to protect fields 
and gardens by belts of trees, not only from 
these frosts, but the cold breezes of winter and 
the rough winds of early spring? We prophecy 
a reform in this matter—not immediate and uni¬ 
versal, to be sure, for such an event, even in 
these days of rapid progress, would be miracu¬ 
lous. But the thing is beginning to be done. 
Its benefits are seen and appreciated, and, if we 
mistake not, before the commencement of the 
next century such protections will be as com¬ 
mon as gardens, if not as numerous as cultivated 
fields. 
The objections which will be brought against 
this improvement are easily anticipated. Hirst, 
the,everlasting objection to setting out trees of 
all kinds, that “it will take the belt so long to 
grow large enough to be beneficial ” comes up. 
The world has always been full of such prudent 
calculation in all rural matters. They have 
been, and are now, an overwhelming majority, 
but a majority that cannot rule ; and while they 
have, with the thing and its utility before them, 
been resting quietly in such a supposition, the 
humble minority have been engaged in the work, 
and are now enjoying the benefit of their labors. 
Another objection we have heard stated was, 
that “ these belts will occupy too much land.” 
They will take land, to be sure ; and we mistake 
very much if they do not make land, too, by in¬ 
creasing the fertility of what remains by ame¬ 
liorating the temperature, so that it actually 
produces much more in actual value than the 
whole did under the unprotected dispensation. 
New powers of fertility will be given to the soil, 
and new products will be introduced with greater 
