AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
218 
Average annual production, bushels Wheat.27,457,(166 
Corn in 1850, bushels.63,000,000 
“ 1851, “ 61,171,282 
« 1852, “ 58,165,517 
Total bushels.182,336,899 
Average annual production, bushels Corn. 60,778,633 
The wheat crop is a very variable- one; but 
the corn is almost uniform in the results. There 
has not been a variation of 15 per cent, between 
any two corn crops in many years; while in the 
wheat crop, the variation has amounted to more 
than 100 per cent. For example, take the wheat 
crops of 1849 and 1850, thus: 
Wheat crops in 1849, bushels.16,000,000 
“ “ 1850, “ .35,000,000 
The increase is near 120 per cent.! 
The five largest wheat producing counties of 
the State, are Stark, Wayne, Muskingum, Lick¬ 
ing, and Coshocton. The production of these 
counties in 1850 and 1852, was as follows, viz : 
1850. 1852. 
Slark.1,071,177 bushels. 956,913 bushels 
Wayne.1,020,000 “ 885,510 “ 
Muskingum.1,003,096 “ 801,957 “ 
Licking.: .... 849,116 “ 507,326 “ 
Coshocton. 862,809 “ 507,310 “ 
Five counties.4,806,198 “ 3,749,016 “ 
These five counties raise about one-seventh 
of the whole crop of wheat. The crop of 1852 
was smaller than that of 1850, but their pro¬ 
portion was rather larger. The five largest 
corn growing counties are Ross, Pickaway, But¬ 
ler, Franklin, and Warren. Their production 
for 1850 and 1852, were as follows: 
1850. 1852. 
Ross.2,918,958 bushels. 2,971,500 bushels. 
Pickaway.2,627,727 “ 3,039,418 “ 
Butler.1,646,353 “ 2,446,123 *• 
Franklin.1,984,929 “ 2,346,295 “ 
Warreu.1,757,409 “ 1,556,165 “ 
Five counties.11,939,376 “ 12,359,501 
This is full one-fifth of the whole crop of 
corn. 
The increase of domestic animals is very rapid, 
particularly of sheep, where wool is now a pro¬ 
fitable article. The number of sheep and hogs 
in the State, are as follows : 
Sheep, number. 4,068,029 
Hogs, “ 2,430,465 
The largest sheep counties are : 
Licking. 162,470 
Knox.105,307 
Medina. 111,888 
Harrison.118,768 
Wayne. 108,517 
Five counties. 606,950 
The value of wool in these five counties is 
full $600,000. In the counties of Wayne and 
Licking, the value of wool is $270,000; of wheat, 
$1,200,000 ; of corn, $500,000—making in these 
two counties two millions of dollars for these 
three crops. Besides these, there are a large 
number of cattle, orchards, and many minor 
productions. 
The exhibition of these two counties, (Wayne 
and Licking,) entirely in the interior of the State, 
on neither river nor lake, and remote from city 
influences, will give some idea of the results of 
Ohio farming. The assessments of the property 
of the State are based on such results, and are 
not in the least exaggerated. There is scarcely 
a farm in the State valued as high as it will 
bring in open market. 
We shall take occasion, in another article, to 
refer to the direct influence of railways on the 
value of property; and we hesitate not to say, 
at once—that in the last three years—railways 
have added to the value of -property the full 
amount of their cost. We believe the proposi¬ 
tion can be readily demonstrated.— Mansfield 
Railroad Record. 
There is a sacredness in tears. They are not 
the mark of weakness, but of power! They 
speak more eloquently than ten thousand 
tongues. They are the messengers of over¬ 
whelming grief, of deep contrition, and of un¬ 
speakable love. 
Quick to forgive and slow to anger. 
For the American Agriculturist. 
FODDER RACKS. 
Economy is one of the most important consid¬ 
erations in farming. Every particle of food 
saved is so much gained. A large portion of 
the produce of the farm is necessarily consumed 
in feeding the farm anmials, but from my own 
observations while travelling in various parts of 
the country, a large amount is also] wasted. 
This is owing to defective means for placing the 
food within the reach of the cattle. The cribs 
or racks used are various as they are objection¬ 
able, and very few of what I have observed ap¬ 
pear to me worthy of commendation 
My own conviction is that the most direct 
way to avoid the waste of fodder at present so 
general, is to stall feed the cattle. The evils 
arising from crowding cattle of different age and 
size together would thus be avoided, as it is 
from a terror of each other when feeding, that 
much of the fodder is wasted by littering it 
over the ground in their perpetual watchfulness 
of each other. The manger and slanting rack 
are both open to these objections. Many farm¬ 
ers are prejudiced against the stall system on 
account of the expense involved, and the extra 
trouble. To these I would recommend the fol¬ 
lowing form of crib as an improvement, uniting 
the advantages of crib and rack without the de¬ 
fects of either. 
The crib should be set in the center of the 
yard, and may be afiout 64 or 7 feet square, and 
the rack in the center of this. Arrange the 
crib that the cattle may feed from each side, 
which may be done in the following manner: 
Into four posts of a sufficient size to give the 
whole firmness and durability, frame two girt 
pieces, running parallel with other on opposite 
sides, at a height suitable for the bottom of the 
crib, say 15 inches, connect these by two similar 
pieces a foot and a half each side of their centers, 
and these again by two others of the same size. 
You have now a frame in the center of the crib 
three feet square to form the bottom of the rack; 
bore holes through this for the rounds, a little 
slanting so that the top of the rack may be about 
four feet square. This is a convenient size and 
pi’oper inclination. Let the girths connecting the 
posts on the other sides be high enough for cat¬ 
tle to feed over, one foot at least above the floor. 
The posts may run two feet higher, and be 
braced by strips from their top to the center of 
the girt pieces on each side. The frame should 
be boarded, and an opening left on each side for 
cattle to eat over, say a foot from the floor, ten 
inches wide at bottom, and wider towards the 
top. Side cribs may be constructed according 
to taste and convenience if the following points 
are secured : The bottom of the rack to be on a 
level with the bottom of the crib, which should 
be a little elevated from the ground, and the 
rounds nearly perpendicular. Let the manger 
have a place for cattle to feed at; the rest being 
carried up so high as to prevent it. This hin¬ 
ders the cattle holding away their heads while 
feeding. I have found cattle feeding from such 
a crib to waste a very small quantity of fodder, 
while all ages can eat without inconvenience, 
and it is suited for all kinds of fodder. A. 
-- 
A SILESIAN FARM. 
We were startled, a few months ago, by the 
appearance of a letter by M. Rotshke, addressed 
to M. Yon Tiiaer, showing that a farm in Silesia 
had heen cultivated for 14 years by the appli¬ 
cation of light artificial manures alone. The 
soil was of good quality; the subsoil generally 
rich in mineral resources, especially potash. 
The feldspars often contained in clays, Professor 
Way thinks, may be by decomposition the ori¬ 
gin of the double silicate, to which, he says, the 
retentive power of clays for manure is mainly 
attributable. And before him, Professor Hod¬ 
ges, of Belfast, alluded to the silicate of potash 
and silicate of alumina as being the result of 
the decay of the feldspar of granite rocks; he 
showed also, by his analysis of the granite from 
Annalong, that it is a rock abundant in mineral 
elements suitable as food for plants, and gives 
it as follows: 
Silica 
... 74.30 
Peroxide of iron ... 
3.00 
Alumina ... 
... 12.20 
Lime 
0.22 
Magnesia ... 
0.45 
Potash and soda ... 
9.33 
Fluoric acid and water 
0.50 
100.00 
Hence, the decay of the granitic subsoil of M. 
Rotshke was likely to supply very considerable 
quantities of the elements of the crops. Mr. 
Way shows that 20 crops of Wheat, of the not un¬ 
usual quantity of 35 bushels of grain and 2 tons 
of straw and chaff, will remove only 5540 lbs., 
or less than 24 tons per acre; and that if the 
soil be calculated at 10 inches in depth, and 
weighing 1000 tons per acre, it will only be 
0.248 per cent, of the soil that would thus dis¬ 
appear. The soil was carried on after a two 
crop-and-fallow principle—a very exhausting 
one, and, as we might expect, was by no means 
profitable. M. Rotshke commenced, therefore, 
to sell off. Year after year he carried away 
the whole of the produce in grain and straw, 
and determined to replace these bulky materials 
by small applications of concentrated manure. 
He began with Wheat, and sowed it with 12 
cwt. of Rapecake per acre ; then followed Pota¬ 
toes, selling all off as usual; then Barley, then 
Clover, which he removed and sold off as before; 
then Rye, to which he however applied farm¬ 
yard dung; then Oats, then Clover, plowed up, 
sown with Peas and Flax. And by thus acting 
he made money—sometimes as much as £6 per 
acre English being realized by this sale of his 
produce. He did not, however, confine him¬ 
self to Rapedust as a manure; he applied bones 
at the rate of about 94 cwt. per acre, and ulti¬ 
mately used Peruvian guano, which he found 
reason to prefer to either of the above applica¬ 
tions. The only manure he had seems to have 
been that of a couple of cows ; for he appears 
to have sold off his horses annually in winter, and 
then says by these means he made farming a pro¬ 
fitable concern. But after all, did he not apply 
every element of these plants?—carbonaceous 
and ammoniacal matter in the Rapecake, phos¬ 
phoric and ammoniacal in the bones, and both 
in the guano? And keeping clean, and being 
a granitic subsoil, continually dissolving out its 
elements, with a soil mechanically favorable to 
the growth of crops, and indisposed to the rapid 
propagation of weeds, M. Rotshke was enabled 
to make profit of what would easily have ruined 
others.— Journal of the Chemico-Agricultural 
Society. 
-•**- 
How to Treat Trees received when the 
Ground is Frozen, or during Freezing Wea¬ 
ther. —We occasionally hear of people being 
quite at a loss to know what to do with trees re¬ 
ceived in a cold time, or when the ground is 
frozen. The way is, either deposit the packages 
in a cellar as they are received, or open them 
and set the roots in earth until the weather 
changes ; or a trench may be made in the open 
ground, even if the surface must be broken with 
a pick-axe, and the trees laid in until they can 
be planted. They may remain in this state quite 
safe all winter. Every season we receive pack¬ 
ages of trees from Europe in mid-winter, and we 
find no difficulty in taking care of them in this 
way.— Horticulturist. 
-o-O «-- 
Excellence in art is to be attained only by ac¬ 
tive effort, and not by passive impressions; by 
the manly overcoming of difficulties; by patient 
struggle against adverse circumstance; by the 
thrifty use of moderate opportunities. The 
great artists were not rocked and dandled into 
eminence, but they attained to it by that course 
of labor and discipline which no man need go to 
Rome, or Paris, or London to enter upon.— Hil¬ 
liard. 
