AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
403 
double as Roses, and you will have some idea 
of the effect produced by these fine trees in this 
part of the world. On the south-west side of 
Shanghae there are numerous Peach gardens 
studded over the country. These are well 
worth a visit in the month of April, as the trees 
are then in full bloom, and have a charming 
effect upon the landscape. It is in this part of 
the country where the celebrated Shanghai 
Peach is largely cultivated. On the graves, 
which are here scattered over all the fields and 
appear like huge mounds of earth, I observed 
many pretty Violets in flower, both white and 
purple, but all nearly scentless. A little later in 
the season, that is from the 20th April to the 
beginning of May, another race of flowering 
shrubs and herbacous plants succeed those I 
have already named. The most conspicious 
amongst them are Viburnum macrocephlum and 
dilatatum, with their large heads of snow-white 
flowers ; Spiraea Reevesiana, and the double 
variety, which is more beautiful than the original 
species; Weigela rosea, now well known in 
Europe; Moutans of various hues of color; 
Azaleas, particularly the lovely little “Amoena;” 
Kerria japonica, the lilac and white Glycines, 
Roses, Dielytra spectabilis, and Primula cortuso- 
ides. It will easily be believed that with such 
a host of Flora’s beauties these Chinese gardens 
must be gay indeed. But perhaps the most 
beautiful sight of all is the Glycine sinensis 
climbing upon and hanging down from other 
trees. I believe I noticed in my former “ Notes ” 
the fine effects produced by this climber when 
in such situations. I have again observed nu¬ 
merous examples this spring and cannot help 
drawing attention once more to the subject. 
The fine plant of this species upon the Chiswick 
garden wall is much and justly admired, but if 
you will imagine a plant equally large, or in 
some instances much larger, attaching itself to 
a tree, or even a group of trees, entwining it¬ 
self round the stems, running up every branch, 
and weighing down every branchlet; and, in the 
end of April, or beginning of May, covered with 
flowers, some faint idea may be formed of the 
fine effects produced by the Glycine in its na¬ 
tive country. I believe it would not succeed if 
managed in this way near London, or any where 
in the north, but the experiment would be 
worth a trial in some parts of Europe, where the 
summers are warmer than they are in England. 
As I know you have many readers in the United 
States of America who are as fond of their 
parks and gardens as we are of ours, I cannot 
do better than recommend the experiment to 
them. Many of our northern Chinese plants 
succeed admirably in America, China and 
America are both situated on the eastern side 
of large continents, they are equally liable to 
extremes of heat and cold, and consequently 
the shrubs and trees of one country are almost 
certain to succeed as well in the other, provided 
they are reared in the same latitudes, and grown 
in the same kind of soil.— Robert Fortune, in 
Gardner's Chronicle. 
-- 
Look at your Young Trees. — The deep 
snows, followed by rain storms will prove des¬ 
tructive to young trees unless attention is paid 
to them. Many young pear trees, particularly, 
were covered by drifts, and if they are allowed 
to remain and freeze about the branches, they 
will be dragged down by the settling snow and 
rain, and broken. When frosty, these branches 
are tender and break easily. The young apple- 
trees, quinces, and valued shrubs, should also 
be looked after. 
The Farm. —Profit, and great convenience 
will be found by making a sketch of the outline 
of the farm, and then of its existing divisions, 
giving the buildings their proper position. 
Scions. —Cut scions now and place them in 
a cool, damp cellar, or cover with sand, that 
they may be ready for use. 
Seeds. —Prepare seed corn, potatoes, peas, 
beans, and all other seeds you intend to plant, 
and make it an invariable rule to select the best 
of whatever kind you use. Great improvement 
may be made in the quality of crops by the 
strict observance of this rule, and probably of 
quantity too. 
The Stock of all kinds will frequently re¬ 
quire the master’s eye; it will not ansverto 
trust too much to hired hands. There will be 
no profit in careless and indifferent keeping. 
Cattle like different kinds of food the same day. 
Working oxen, especially, but all neat cattle 
will thrive better for being supplied with good 
beds of litter, as they will lie warmer and easier 
and keep cleaner. 
This is, in our opinion, a part of the Farm 
Work for this month; if you do not like the 
sketch kind reader, write one out yourself, and 
lay it before us.—A r . E. Farmer. 
For the American Agriculturist. 
TRANSPLANTING I EVERGREENS. 
The people of this country have become so- 
much enlightened, it will perhaps be thought 
useless to write on the subject of setting trees; 
but having seen so much time and money ex¬ 
pended in setting evergreens, all to no purpose, 
I thought it might at least do no harm to give 
my experience on the subject. I presume that 
the sum of four thousand dollars has been spent 
in this county dui'ing the last fifteen years, in 
setting evergreens, most of which have been 
lost. Seven-eighths of the trees have died as 
near as I can estimate. Many of these ever¬ 
greens, especially the fir-trees, were bought of 
peddlers, who carried them around the country 
in wagons till they were bruised and dried 
nearly to death, then sold to A, B, and C, at 
from 15 to 30 cents apiece. The men who 
bought them, not only lost the money they paid 
for the trees, but the time they spent in setting, 
watering, and nursing these poor half-dead 
things, in vain attempts to bring them to life. 
If any man wishes to set evergreens and have 
them live, he should go and dig the trees him¬ 
self, for the old proverb is in this case true, which 
says, “ If a man wishes to have his work done 
he may send his servant; but if he wishes to 
have it well done, he must do it himself.” He 
must see that the roots are not injured, and also 
that a considerable quantity of the native soil is 
taken up with each tree. 
There are other causes why so many ever¬ 
greens have died. One is, the trees are generally 
taken from dense swamps or forests, where they 
have not been exposed to the sun; and taking 
them from the shade and setting them in the 
open field, exposed to the scorching rays of the 
sun, is like taking a man from Canada and send¬ 
ing him to Panama or Parimaribo; he is pretty 
sure to die the first summer; but if he chance 
to survive the first season, he may possibly livo 
a number of years. Another way that many 
trees are killed is by pruning too much the first 
season. Some persons when they set ever¬ 
greens, cut off nearly half the branches, leaving 
the trunks exposed to the sun, which soon scalds 
them to death. Ask many of our wealthy far¬ 
mers who own elegant houses, why their lawns 
are not adorned with evergreens, and they will 
say, “ we have set trees time after time, and 
they have all died; and we are discouraged.” I 
know three farmers in this town who have set 
many evergreens during the last six years, and 
have lost every tree; all by error in their man¬ 
agement. Evergreens besides being ornamental 
and healthy around dwellings, are very useful 
to form hedges around orchards, especially on 
those sides which are exposed to the cold and 
blasting winds which destroy the fruit. If every 
man who sets an orchard would plant a hedge 
of evergreens at the same time, on the sides 
most exposed, when the fruit trees are in full 
bearing, he would have a beautiful and useful 
hedge, which would be more beneficial than 
stone walls, or board fences, because it would 
not only keep off winds, but allow a free circu¬ 
lation of air which is so essential to the produc¬ 
tion of fine fruit. 
The. most beautiful evergreens that I have 
seen in this part of the State, are the Norway 
Spruce, Fir, and Arbor Vitae. White Pine and 
Hemlock will answer for borders where the 
others cannot easily be obtained. If you wish 
to be sure of success in transplanting evergreens, 
don’t get trees that are too large, for there is 
double the risk in transplanting large trees that 
there is in small ones. If possible get the trees 
in the open field, but if you cannot get such, get 
them on the south side of the swamp or forest 
where they have been exposed to the sun. I 
heard one man say that “in transplanting ever¬ 
green?, the same side must be set towards the 
south that faced to the south before the tree was 
moved,” but I have found by experiments that 
this is not very essential. I have found by ex¬ 
perience that if evergreens are properly trans¬ 
planted, there will not be more than one lost in 
ten on an average. 
I use no barn-yard manure if I can obtain any 
that is better. I prefer swamp muck properly 
prepared, leaf mold, or chip manure that has 
been through the putrefactive process. 
I have set evergreens in the fall, winter, and 
spring, and have come to the conclusion that in 
the latitude of Vermont and Northern New- 
York, the best time for transplanting is from 
the middle of April to the middle of May. Hav¬ 
ing dug up the trees as above directed, keep the 
roots moist till they are placed in., the ground, 
for if they get dry you may as well throw the 
trees away at once. To prevent this, if I cannot 
set them immediately after taking them up, I 
bury the roots in the ground, or put the trees 
in the cellar till I can dig the holes for them. 
These should be from four to six feet in diame¬ 
ter, and from fourteen to sixteen inches deep. 
In digging the holes I place the surface soil by 
itself. If the ground is very damp I throw a 
few old stumps or pieces of rotten wood in the 
bottom of the hole; then throw in half the sub¬ 
soil, then the surface-soil till the hole is full 
enough to set in the tree; but if the land is dry 
there is no need of stumps or rotten wood, but 
I take half the sub-soil and mix two bushels 
of leaf mold, chip manure, or swamp muck with 
it, remembering to use no muck fresh from the 
swamp ; but that taken from the swamp at least 
six months before using it, and which has been 
placed in a flat topped heap, and mixed with a 
little lime or ashes, and stirred up from the bot¬ 
tom with a shovel once in five or six weeks to 
let all parts come in contact with the atmos¬ 
phere. After preparing the sub-soil I throw 
this into the hole, then if the surface-soil is rich 
in vegetable matter, it will need no manure, but 
if otherwise, I mix two bushels of the prepared 
muck with it, then fill it into the hole till it is 
full enough to set in the tree — remembering 
never to set the tree more than two inches 
deeper than it set before transplanting. I cut 
off all the roots that are broken or bruised with 
a sharp knife; then set in the tree and put in 
the rest of the surface-soil, tread it down firmly 
around the tree and the work is completed. The 
remainder of the sub-soil I spread on the top of 
the ground—but not near the trees—or draw it 
away for other uses. If the first season should 
be very dry, the trees will need watering, which 
should be done at night. If these directions are 
followed, I am sure of success. I hope the time 
is not far distant when we shall see many of our 
farmers’ dwellings adorned with evergreens, and 
orchards surrounded by borders of the same. 
Elihu Cross. 
Hoositk, Rensselaer Co.,J\T. Y. 
Heavy Pork Establishment. —An extensive 
pork slaughtering establishment has been in 
operation since the 7th of January last on the 
margin of the Salt Meadows, west of Bergen 
Hill, and about three miles from the Jersey City 
ferry. It is situated near the track of the N. Y. 
and G. Railroad. Its build mgs,-pens and yard, 
occupy about six acres of ground. It is con¬ 
ducted by the firm of Cadwell,*Harris & Co., on 
the Cincinatti plan. In. thisfcqn'cern 70 men at 
the most have been,employcdfat"one time, and 
