Oct. 1903 ] Mycological Compound Names 163 
of the long-suffering mycologist, even though no practical rules 
are added. 
By comparison of the languages of the Indo-European fam¬ 
ily, many apparently isolated facts are explained, and certain uni¬ 
formities proved to exist. These uniformities may therefore 
be considered indications of the state in prehistoric times, before 
the development into separate languages. The members into 
which the Indo-European family separated are believed to be 
the following: Indo-Iranian (i. e., Sanskrit, Avestan, Persian), 
Armenian, Albanian, Greek, Italic, Celtic, Teutonic, and Balto- 
Slavic. 
There are certain Indo-European laws of accentuation which 
are seen to be distinct from changes occurring in the individual 
languages. One of the most general laws pertaining to nouns and 
adjectives may be stated as follows: Compounds, consisting of 
one word dependant upon another in a grammatical relation, 
keep the accent of the dependant word for the accent of the 
compound as a whole. The survival of the law to the present 
time is shown by such examples from the Teutonic branch as 
English puff-ball, apple-tree, black-berry, or German apfel-wein, 
sonnen-blume, blau-beere. From the Balto-Slavic branch may be 
adduced Lithuanian vasara-sziltis “summer warmth”, and saul- 
zhole “heliotrope,” and Russian ne-vidko “not to be seen.” A 
moment’s consideration will show how logical this law is. The 
dependant word, usually an adjective, or a noun in a case rela¬ 
tion, brings a new idea or broadens the one already present in 
the word to which it is united, and so it naturally receives the 
greater amount of stress. The rule holds whether the dependant 
element precedes or follows the foundation word. This sug¬ 
gests a distinction which must here be emphasized, and which 
can be made plain by recalling a favorite example of two Greek 
words which differ only in their accent. One type is shown by 
metro-ktonos “mother-slayer,” developed by a secondary law 
from the original metro-ktonos. This class can be left out of 
consideration, when mycological nomenclature is the point of 
interest. The other class is exemplified by metro-ktonos “having 
death at a mother’s hands”, “mother-slain”, the difference in 
sense being shown solely by its different accent. This is the type 
which botanical terminology for the most part follows. 
In Sanskrit no secondary development obscures the law, 
and examples from this language are most plain: sahasra-mukha, 
“having a thousand outlets”, hiranya-keshas, “gold-haired” (i. e., 
“Gold-hair”), hari-ashvas, “having yellow horses.” Greek ex¬ 
amples are poly-porus from poly-porus, and aglao-spora, from 
aglao-spora, a correctly made new formation. 
In Greek, however, which is of especial interest to the bot¬ 
anist, certain changes took place. A law developed that no ac¬ 
cent might recede farther from the end of a word, either simple or 
