212 
Journal of Mycology 
[Vol. 9 
The Relations of Insects to Fungi are quite fully out¬ 
lined under the above title, by Perley Spaulding in the Plant 
World, 6:182-4, August 1903. Many Insects are appropriated 
by fungi as a base upon which to grow. Some of the cases 
cited are cicadas, ants, locusts, chinch bugs, flies, bees, wasps, 
beetles, moths, and butterflies. Of plant diseases which are 
known to be carried by insects the author mentions Ergot, Smuts, 
Brown-rot, Bitter-rot, some of the Rusts, and a few of the bac¬ 
terial diseases. The Ambrosia fungi are used as food by some 
wood-boring beetles. Honey bees have been caught taking the 
spores of the Bramble Rust. 
The Botanical Gazette Publishes a Brief Review of 
the investigations of J. Brezezinski (Bull. Acad. Sci. de Cracovie, 
I 9°3 : 95 _I 43* pis. 2- 8.) who says the canker disease of trees, long 
attributed to Nectria ditissima, is never caused by this fungus, 
which in the opinion of the author is a mere saprophyte on dead 
portions of the bark. The canker wound is therefore one of the 
external manifestations of the disease (Bacteriosis) from which 
the tree is suffering. The author regards certain Bacteria which 
he found growing in the wood as the true cause of the injury — 
three species being described, namely, Bacterium mali on apple, 
B. pyri on pear, and B. coryli on Hazel. 
A Short Note in the Bulletin of the Botanical De¬ 
partment, Trinidad, No. 38 (p. 551, note 523), 1903, calls at¬ 
tention to the occurrence in that country, recently detected, of 
the Cacao Disease (Witches’ Broom), the Surinam disease 
known as Exoascus theobroma, Ritzema Bos. In the previous 
No. (38; p. 507, note 496) it is stated that Cordyceps ravenelii 
B. et C. had been found on Cacao estates in Trinidad. 
The State of Alabama passed a law, March 5, 1903, de¬ 
signed (among other things) to exclude Crop Pests of all kinds 
from that State. We note that the following Fungous Diseases 
are enumerated by the State Board of Horticulture (the members 
of which are to carry the law into effect), as constituting “infec¬ 
tion in trees and plants, the same when occurring in nursery 
stock to be destroyed:” Black Knot (Plowrightia morbosa), 
Crown Gall (Dendrophagus globosus), Peach Yellows, and 
Peach and Plum Rosette. Other states have laws pertaining to 
fungous diseases — to which reference will be made later. 
Cultures of Uredineae in 1902, Bot. Gaz. 35: 10-23, 
Jan. 1903, by Dr. J. C. Arthur, is his third article of a series of 
reports upon the cultures of Plant Rusts. It is devoted largely 
to the heteroecious grass and sedge Rusts. With two assistants 
he was able to do a large amount of valuable work. Forty-three 
species were used; in no case was success attained where definite 
clues derived from field observations were lacking. Fourteen 
