12 
tions, since there is little choice, so far as the actual value of the rem¬ 
edies are concerned. 
I. After pruning, collect and burn all the trimmings, also as many of 
the old berries and leaves as possible 5 the object of this is to destroy 
the fungous spores which are known to pass the winter in these 
parts. This accomplished, watch the vines carefully, and as the leaves 
begin to unfold apply the Bordeaux mixture, formula &, taking care to 
have it reach all parts of the vine above ground. About the time the 
flowers are opening make a second application of the same formula, 
this time giving particular attention to the green parts. A third spray¬ 
ing should be made twelve or fifteen days later, a fourth after the lapse 
of a similar period, and so on until the berries begin to color. A line 
of treatment, such as the foregoing, will necessitate six or seven spray¬ 
ings, and the total cost of the same will probably range from $5.50 to 
$7 per acre, or practically 1 cent per vine. 
II. Treat the vines exactly as in I, excepting the first application, 
which may be omitted entirely, the first spraying being the one made 
when the flowers are opening. It is not out of place to say here that in 
no case should the first spraying be postponed later than the last-men¬ 
tioned period. This treatment will, of course, cost less than I, but 
whether it will pay to omit the first spraying is one of the questions not 
yet determined. 
III. Treat the same as I, but after the third application abandon the 
Bordeaux mixture and substitute the ammoniacal solution of copper 
carbonate. It is very likely that this treatment will prove as effectual 
as I; at the same time the cost will be less, and the troublesome spotting 
of the fruit, which always results from the use of the Bordeaux mixture, 
will be avoided. 
IV. Substitute the ammoniacal copper carbonate for the Bordeaux 
mixture, making the first spraying when the flowers are opening and the 
others the same as in I. Former experiments have led us to believe that 
in ordinary seasons this solution will prove as effective as the Bordeaux 
mixture, and its advantages over the latter are (a) ease of preparation and 
application, ( b) cheapness, and ( c ) its property of not spotting the fruit. 
Those desiring to make further trials should test the effect of spray¬ 
ing the vines in spring, before vegetation starts, with the simple solu¬ 
tion of copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture, formula a . It is claimed 
by some that this early treatment has resulted in much good, but on the 
other hand there are those who have derived no benefit whatever from 
it. The question is one to be settled by careful experiments. For fur¬ 
ther remarks on this subject, see Notes on Fungicides. 
BROWN-ROT AND DOWNY MILDEW.* 
These diseases, which are caused by the same fungus, occur in nearly 
all sections where black-rot prevails, and experience has shown that 
one treatment will answer for all. In the great grape-growing regions 
* reronosjwra viiicola , DBy. 
