13 
of northern Ohio and central and eastern New York, where the downy 
mildew is the principal enemy, the ammoniacal copper carbonate so¬ 
lution will prove an effectual preventive. It should be applied thor¬ 
oughly to all the green parts of the vine, taking care to make the first 
application before any signs of mildew have appeared —say, soon after the 
berries are well set. The importance of early treatment can not be too 
strongly urged. In all cases it mast be remembered that these treat¬ 
ments are preventive , and being such, it is sheer folly to wait until the 
enemy appears before beginning the fight. 
POWDERY MILDEW.* 
It is only in certain parts of the South and along the Pacific coast 
that this fungus causes any serious damage. In California it has long 
been the bane of the grape-grower, and this is strange, considering the 
fact that it is one of the easiest diseases to combat. It succumbs readily 
to sulphur either in the form of the flowers of sulphur or solutions of 
the sulphide. 
In applying the sulphur, bellows should be used, and the first ap¬ 
plications should be made ten or twelve days before the flowers open, 
the second when in full bloom, and a third three weeks or a month 
later if the disease seems to be on the increase. The best results are 
obtained when the applications are made with the thermometer ranging 
from 80 to 100° F. In this temperature fumes are given off’, which 
quickly destroy the fungus. 
We have obtained excellent results in treating this disease with 
a solution made by dissolving half an ounce of potassium sulphide 
to the gallon of water. This preparation is cheap and can be quickly 
and effectually applied with any of the well known spraying pumps. 
The greatest care should be exercised in making the second spraying, 
which, by the way, should be at the same time as that mentioned for 
the flowers of sulphur, in order to protect the blossoms from the fun- 
gus. 
ANTHRACNOSE.f 
This is one of the most difficult of all the grape diseases to combat; 
in fact we must admit that so far no reliable means of preventing it are 
known. We can only suggest, therefore, such lines of treatment as 
have given the best results, hoping that future investigations may throw 
more light on the subject. 
In early spring, before the buds swell, remove, so far as possible, the 
wood showing the scars made by the fungus, and then treat the vines 
with a saturated solution (20 per cent, at 20° C.) of iron sulphate. 
The French apply this by means of mops made of rags, attached to 
short handles. This is rather slow and awkward work, and we prefer 
to do it with a spraying machine. As soon as vegetation starts watch 
the vines carefully, and at the first appearance of the disease apply 
* JJntinula ampelopsidis, Pk, t Sphaceloma ampelinm t, Dfly, 
