14 
with a sulphuring bellows a powder made of equal parts of flowers of 
sulphur and slaked lime. If this does not check the malady, try the 
sulphur alone. 
PEAR SCAB* AND LEAF-BLIGHT.f 
Excepting the well known fire blight these diseases are the worst 
enemies of the pear. They are especially prevalent in New Jersey, 
Delaware, and adjoining States, frequently causing the loss of entire 
crops of fruit and thousands of seedlings. The seedlings are especially 
subject to leaf-blight, but are hardly ever, so far as we know, seriously 
injured by scab. As the two diseases, however, are usually associated 
on large trees, and as we have used the Bordeaux mixture successfully 
on the seedlings, we would suggest that it be adopted for all and ap¬ 
plied as follows: 
Seedlings .—Make five applications, the first when the leaves are one- 
quarter grown, others at intervals of ten days until the trees are 
budded. 
Large trees .—Spray five times; first when the fruit is the size of peas, 
and thereafter at intervals of twelve or fifteen days. 
For applying the mixture to trees less than 12 feet high, and especi¬ 
ally to seedlings in the nursery, the knapsack pumps provided with the 
improved Vermorel lance and nozzle will answer. 
Where the trees are large and in considerable numbers it will pay to 
get a strong force-pump, mount it on a barrel, and place the whole in a 
wagon or cart to be moved about at pleasure. In all cases, however, 
it will be necessary to use the Vermorel nozzle, as it is the only nozzle 
of value that will not clog; it can readily be attached to almost any 
force-pump, and will be found to be a very effective piece of machinery. 
The total cost of a course of treatment such as is outlined above, 
including labor in preparing and applying the remedies, will be for 
nursery stock about $3 per 1,000 trees. For large bearing trees the 
cost will run from 0 to 12 cents per tree. In case the Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture shows on the fruit at the time of harvesting it can easily be re¬ 
moved by washing in water. 
In addition to the foregoing it would be well to rake the old leaves 
and fruit together iu the fall and burn them, as in this way thousands 
of the reproductive bodies will be destroyed. 
In regions where the scab alone prevails the treatment recommended 
for apple scab might be tested. 
POWDERY MILDEW OF THE APPLE.! 
Powdery mildew is especially destructive to seedlings in the nursery, 
attacking them soon after the leaves unfold and continuing throughout 
the growing season, making it impossible to bud them with any degree 
of success. 
* Ftisicladium dendriticum, Fck]. 
t Entomosporium maculatum, L 6v. 
| rodo8phcvra oxyacantlia; (DC.), DBy. 
